In 1982 the first recombinant therapeutic, human insulin, was introduced into the market and started a new branch of pharmaceutical development, manufacture, and therapy options. To date, more than 130 recombinant protein therapeutics have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and many more are being developed world wide. With the increasing number of protein therapeutics the number of potential production organisms is also expanding, and posttranslational modification of proteins has become a topic of special focus. One major difference between small-molecule drugs and protein therapeutics is that the latter are reliant on a host organism for their production and this can have a large influence on the final structure and can ultimately affect the pharmacokinetics, immunogenicity, and the function of the protein depending on the production process. Plants can be efficiently used as production systems for recombinant proteins thereby offering a variety of options for transgene targeting and modification. This review is intended to give an overview about the potential of plants to serve as a production system for therapeutic and prophylactic biopharmaceuticals with respect to posttranslational modifications.

中文翻译：

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植物的生物制药：翻译后修饰的多种选择。

1982年，第一种重组治疗剂，人胰岛素被推向市场，并开始了药物开发，制造和治疗选择的新分支。迄今为止，美国食品和药物管理局（FDA）已批准了130多种重组蛋白治疗剂，并且全世界正在开发更多的重组蛋白治疗剂。随着蛋白质治疗剂数量的增加，潜在生产生物的数量也在扩大，蛋白质的翻译后修饰已成为特别关注的主题。小分子药物和蛋白质治疗剂之间的主要区别在于，后者依赖于宿主生物进行生产，这可能会对最终结构产生重大影响，并最终影响药代动力学，免疫原性，蛋白质的功能取决于生产过程。植物可以有效地用作重组蛋白的生产系统，从而为转基因靶向和修饰提供了多种选择。这篇综述旨在概述植物在翻译后修饰方面作为治疗性和预防性生物药物生产系统的潜力。