The paper presents two microwave (MW) exposure systems (MWESs) that permit observations and measurements on cell cultures during their exposure to MW of 2.45 GHz: MWES-1 and MWES-2. MWES-1 is designed for the measurement of the cell membrane fluorescence anisotropies (MFA) simultaneously with MW exposure. MWES-2 is designed for the cells culture exploration under an inverted microscope before, during and after MW exposure. MWES-1 consists mainly of a 2.45 GHz microwave generator (MWG-2.45GHz-SAIREM) of 0–25 W, equipped withforwardpower and reflected power displaying, and an adjustable coaxial antenna immersed directly into the cuvette with the cellssuspension of a Spex type spectrofluorometer. The MW effect on membrane fluidity of B16F10 malignant melanoma (B16F10-MM) cells in suspension were investigated with MWES-1, by MFA measurements. We observed a MW induced transition temperature (ITT) rising strongly during the MW exposure as compared with ITT obtained by classical heating (CH). The MWES-2 consists of the MWG-2.45 GHz-SAIREM generator and a rectangular waveguide applicator with traveling wave placed between the condenser and the objective of a Zeiss Axiovert 200 microscope, equipped with a fluorescence device and image acquisition. The MW effects on shape and apoptosis of the B16F10-MM cells were investigate with MWES-2. The B16F10-MM cells exhibited visible shape changes during MW exposure up to 37°C. The MW exposure induced cells apoptosis/necrosis in several seconds after that MW are applied, beginning with SAR=1.5 W/sample, compared to CH controls exposed at the same temperature dynamics.

中文翻译：

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在暴露于 2.45 GHz 微波的同时进行细胞研究

本文介绍了两种微波 (MW) 暴露系统 (MWES)，它们允许在暴露于 2.45 GHz 的 MW 期间对细胞培养物进行观察和测量：MWES-1 和 MWES-2。MWES-1 设计用于在 MW 暴露的同时测量细胞膜荧光各向异性 (MFA)。MWES-2 设计用于在 MW 暴露之前、之中和之后在倒置显微镜下进行细胞培养探索。MWES-1 主要由 0-25 W 的 2.45 GHz 微波发生器（MWG-2.45GHz-SAIREM）组成，配备前向功率和反射功率显示，可调同轴天线直接浸入带有 Spex 型荧光光谱仪的细胞悬浮液的比色皿中. 通过 MFA 测量，用 MWES-1 研究了悬浮液中 B16F10 恶性黑色素瘤 (B16F10-MM) 细胞膜流动性的 MW 效应。与通过经典加热 (CH) 获得的 ITT 相比，我们观察到 MW 诱导转变温度 (ITT) 在 MW 暴露期间强烈上升。MWES-2 由 MWG-2.45 GHz-SAIREM 发生器和矩形波导施加器组成，行波位于聚光器和蔡司 Axiovert 200 显微镜的物镜之间，配备荧光装置和图像采集。用 MWES-2 研究了 MW 对 B16F10-MM 细胞形状和凋亡的影响。B16F10-MM 细胞在高达 37°C 的 MW 暴露期间表现出可见的形状变化。与暴露于相同温度动态下的 CH 对照相比，MW 暴露在施加 MW 后几秒钟内诱导细胞凋亡/坏死，从 SAR=1.5 W/样品开始。