UNLABELLED Decision situations frequently provide information about the amount of gains and losses and winning probabilities. In decisions under these conditions, also called risk conditions, both the use of feedback and executive functions have been shown to influence the decision-making process, as revealed in different patient populations. However, the influence of offering feedback in tasks examining decisions under risk conditions has not been investigated experimentally, so far. This was the aim of the present study. For this purpose, a sample of healthy individuals was examined with the Game of Dice Task, a decision-making task that explicitly provides the rules for gains and losses and in which participants receive feedback after each trial. In addition, a modified version of this task was performed, in which the feedback after each trial and all associated feedback components were removed. Results indicate that participants had a lower performance in the modified Dice Task without feedback. They selected the disadvantageous alternatives more frequently, when they did not receive feedback following their choices. Task performance in either version was correlated with executive functioning. CONCLUSION In decisions under risk conditions, both executive functions as well as the use of feedback following previous trials are important components for optimal performance. Results have implications for the interpretation of deficient decision making in patients with neuropsychological impairments as both disturbances in categorization and other cognitive processes as well as emotional dysfunctions can compromise decision making in risky situations.

中文翻译：

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先前试验的反馈会影响当前的决定吗？研究在明确的风险条件下，反馈处理在决策中的作用。

UNLABELLED决策情境经常提供有关损益和获胜概率的信息。在这些条件（也称为风险条件）下的决策中，反馈和执行功能的使用均已显示出会影响决策过程，正如不同患者群体所揭示的那样。但是，到目前为止，尚未通过实验研究在风险条件下的任务检查决策中提供反馈的影响。这是本研究的目的。为此，使用“骰子游戏”任务检查了健康个体的样本，这是一项决策任务，明确规定了得失的规则，并且参与者在每次试验后都会收到反馈。此外，还执行了此任务的修改版本，其中删除了每次试用后的反馈以及所有相关的反馈组件。结果表明，在没有反馈的情况下，参与者在修改后的“骰子任务”中的表现较低。当他们在选择后没有收到反馈时，他们会更频繁地选择不利的选择。两种版本的任务执行情况都与执行功能相关。结论在风险条件下的决策中，执行职能以及先前试验后反馈的使用都是实现最佳绩效的重要组成部分。结果对神经心理障碍患者决策不足的解释产生了影响，因为分类和其他认知过程中的障碍以及情绪障碍都可能危及危险情况下的决策。