The human brain contains billions of highly differentiated and interconnected cells that form intricate neural networks and collectively control the physical activities and high-level cognitive functions, such as memory, decision-making, and social behavior. Big data is required to decipher the complexity of cell types, as well as connectivity and functions of the brain. The newly developed single-cell sequencing technology, which provides a comprehensive landscape of brain cell type diversity by profiling the transcriptome, genome, and/or epigenome of individual cells, has contributed substantially to revealing the complexity and dynamics of the brain and providing new insights into brain development and brain-related disorders. In this review, we first introduce the progresses in both experimental and computational methods of single-cell sequencing technology. Applications of single-cell sequencing-based technologies in brain research, including cell type classification, brain development, and brain disease mechanisms, are then elucidated by representative studies. Lastly, we provided our perspectives into the challenges and future developments in the field of single-cell sequencing. In summary, this mini review aims to provide an overview of how big data generated from single-cell sequencing have empowered the advancements in neuroscience and shed light on the complex problems in understanding brain functions and diseases.

中文翻译：

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使用单细胞测序破译大脑复杂性。

人脑包含数十亿个高度分化和相互连接的细胞，这些细胞形成复杂的神经网络，并共同控制身体活动和高级认知功能，例如记忆，决策和社会行为。需要大数据来解密细胞类型的复杂性，以及大脑的连通性和功能。新开发的单细胞测序技术通过分析单个细胞的转录组，基因组和/或表观基因组，提供了脑细胞类型多样性的全面概况，对揭示大脑的复杂性和动态性以及提供新见解做出了重大贡献。进入大脑发育和与大脑相关的疾病。在这篇评论中 我们首先介绍单细胞测序技术在实验和计算方法上的进展。然后通过代表性研究阐明了基于单细胞测序的技术在脑研究中的应用，包括细胞类型分类，脑发育和脑疾病机制。最后，我们提供了对单细胞测序领域挑战和未来发展的看法。总而言之，这份小型综述旨在概述单细胞测序产生的大数据如何促进神经科学的发展，并阐明理解大脑功能和疾病的复杂问题。然后通过代表性研究阐明脑和脑疾病的机制。最后，我们提供了对单细胞测序领域的挑战和未来发展的看法。总而言之，这份小型综述旨在概述单细胞测序产生的大数据如何促进神经科学的发展，并阐明理解大脑功能和疾病的复杂问题。然后通过代表性研究阐明脑和脑疾病的机制。最后，我们提供了对单细胞测序领域挑战和未来发展的看法。总而言之，这份小型综述旨在概述单细胞测序产生的大数据如何促进神经科学的发展，并阐明理解大脑功能和疾病的复杂问题。