Complete ssrDNA and partial lsrDNA (D1-D3) of 31 species, mainly from the Indo-Pacific region, were sequenced and added to 66 species of the marine cestode order Trypanorhyncha; thus 35% of the 277 known species were sampled. The resulting phylogenetic tree resolved two major clades that represent trypanorhynchs originally parasitizing rajiform (skate and ray) or galeoform hosts. The tree topology supports an earlier classification based on morphology that splits the order into the superfamily Eutetrarhynchoidea together with the Tentacularioidea, and the Gymnorhynchoidea together with the Lacistorhynchoidea and Otobothrioidea. Three of the five recognized superfamilies are monophyletic (Tentacularioidea, Gymnorhynchoidea, Otobothrioidea). Nodal support for the Eutetrarhynchidae and Lacistorhynchidae was poor and resulted in paraphyletic clades. Mapping of morphological characters showed the tentacular armature of the scolex to be highly variable within clades, demonstrating that armature patterns used traditionally in classification, are homoplasious. Similarly, the tetrabothriate scolex, currently utilized as a family-distinguishing character in traditional classifications, has developed independently in multiple groups. Synapomorphies for the higher taxa are detailed. Sequence data from duplicate taxa confirmed interoceanic distribution patterns and low intraspecific genetic divergence and host specificity for nine trypanorhynch species belonging to five families and four superfamilies. Four distinct lineages of trypanorhynchs can be recognized with one mainly infecting rajiform hosts whereas the others infecting both, sharks and rays. Eutetrarhynchoids and tentacularioids have secondarily invaded shark hosts whilst utilising the marine food web involving teleost fishes as intermediate hosts. Three cases of host switching from sharks to rays can be inferred within the lacistorhynchoids, in one case caused by a switch from perciform to gadiform intermediate hosts. This likely enabled a radiation into the deep sea environment. Implications of the molecular phylogeny for the classification and evolutionary developments within the order are discussed.

中文翻译：

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锥虫死亡的分子系统发育和进化，1863年（蠕虫：Cestoda）。

对31种主要来自印度洋-太平洋地区的完整ssrDNA和部分lsrDNA（D1-D3）进行了测序，并将其添加到66种海洋尾est目Trypanorhyncha中。因此，在277种已知物种中采样了35％。形成的系统发育树解析了两个主要进化枝，它们代表原本寄生于rajiform（滑冰和射线）或galeoform宿主的锥虫。树形拓扑支持基于形态的较早分类，该分类将顺序分为超家族的四翅类和五角类，以及裸藻的类与Lastorhynchoidea和Otobothrioidea一起。在五个公认的超家族中，有三个是单亲的（Tentacularioidea，Gymnorhynchoidea，Otobothrioidea）。支睾吸虫科和支甲吸虫科的节点支持很差，并导致了寄生虫进化。形态特征的映射显示，触角触角的触角在进化枝中高度可变，表明传统上用于分类的触角模式是同质的。类似地，目前在传统分类中用作区分家庭的特征的四硼酸斯克里克语已经在多个组中独立发展。详细介绍了较高类群的同型。来自重复的分类单元的序列数据证实了属于五个科和四个超科的九种锥虫物种的种间海洋分布模式和较低的种内遗传差异和宿主特异性。可以识别出四种不同的锥虫谱系，其中一种主要感染rajiform寄主，而另一种同时感染鲨鱼和rays。真鼻类和触类类鼻类动物继而入侵了鲨鱼寄主，同时利用包括硬骨鱼在内的海洋食物网作为中间寄主。可以在催眠性类鼻窦内推断出三种宿主从鲨鱼转变为射线的情况，其中一种情况是由从蠕虫转变为成鳍状中间宿主引起的。这可能使辐射进入深海环境。讨论了分子系统发育对于该顺序内的分类和进化发展的影响。这可能使辐射进入深海环境。讨论了分子系统发育对于该顺序内的分类和进化发展的影响。这可能使辐射进入深海环境。讨论了分子系统发育对于该顺序内的分类和进化发展的影响。