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Reduced fixation on the upper area of personally familiar faces following acquired prosopagnosia.
Journal of Neuropsychology ( IF 2.2 ) Pub Date : 2008-03-01 , DOI: 10.1348/174866407x260199
Jean-Jacques Orban de Xivry 1 , Meike Ramon , Philippe Lefèvre , Bruno Rossion
Affiliation  

Selective impairment of face recognition following brain damage, as in acquired prosopagnosia, may cause a dramatic loss of diagnosticity of the eye area of the face and an increased reliance on the mouth for identification (Caldara et al., 2005). To clarify the nature of this phenomenon, we measured eye fixation patterns in a case of pure prosopagnosia (PS, Rossion et al., 2003) during her identification of photographs of personally familiar faces (27 children of her kindergarten). Her age-matched colleague served as a control. Consistent with previous evidence, the normal control identified the faces within two fixations located just below the eyes (central upper nose). This pattern (location and duration) of fixations remained unchanged even by increasing difficulty by presenting anti-caricatures of the faces. In contrast, the great majority of the patient's fixations, irrespective of her accuracy, were located on the mouth. Overall, these observations confirm the abnormally reduced processing of the upper area of the face in acquired prosopagnosia. Most importantly, the prosopagnosic patient also fixated the area of the eyes spontaneously in between the first and last fixation, ruling out alternative accounts of her behaviour such as, for example, avoidance or failure to orient attention to the eyes, as observed in autistic or bilateral amygdala patients. Rather, they reinforce our proposal of a high-level perceptual account (Caldara et al., 2005), according to which acquired prosopagnosic patients have lost the ability to represent multiple elements of an individual face as a perceptual unit (holistic face perception). To identify a given face, they focus very precisely on local features rather than seeing the whole of a face from its diagnostic centre (i.e., just below the eyes). The upper area of the face is particularly less attended to and less relevant for the prosopagnosic patient because it contains multiple features that require normal holistic perception in order to be the most diagnostic region. Consequently, prosopagnosic patients develop a more robust representation of the mouth, a relatively isolated feature in the face that may contain more information than any single element of the upper face area, and is thus sampled repeatedly for resolving ambiguity in the process of identification.

中文翻译:

获得性围绝经后减少对个人熟悉的面部上部区域的注视。

如在获得性的围绝经症中那样,脑部损伤后面部识别的选择性损伤可能会导致面部眼部区域的诊断能力急剧下降,并增加对口腔的识别能力(Caldara等,2005)。为了弄清这种现象的性质,我们在发现纯熟的假性情况下(PS,Rossion等,2003)在识别个人熟悉的脸部照片(她幼儿园的27个孩子)期间测量了眼部注视模式。她与年龄相匹配的同事担任了控制。与先前的证据一致,正常对照在眼睛下方(中央上鼻)下方的两个注视点内识别了面部。固定的这种模式(位置和持续时间)保持不变,即使通过呈现面部反讽效果而增加难度也是如此。相反,不管患者的准确性如何,绝大多数患者的注视点都位于嘴上。总体而言,这些观察结果证实了获得性围绝经期面部上部区域的异常减少。最重要的是,患有自闭症的患者还自发地在第一次固定和最后一次固定之间固定了眼睛区域,排除了其他行为举止,例如避免或无法将注意力集中在自闭症或双侧杏仁核患者。相反,它们加强了我们关于高水平感性描述的建议(Caldara等,2005),根据该提议,后天性围手术期患者丧失了将单个面部的多个要素表示为一个感性单元(整体面部感知)的能力。要识别给定的面孔,他们非常精确地专注于局部特征,而不是从其诊断中心(即,在眼睛下方)看到整个面部。脸部上部区域特别容易引起患者的注意,并且与该患者的相关性也较低,因为它包含多个特征,这些特征需要正常的整体感知才能成为最具诊断性的区域。因此,预后不佳的患者会表现出更健壮的嘴部表现,这是面部中相对孤立的特征,与上脸区域的任何单个元素相比,可能包含的信息更多,因此需要重复采样以解决识别过程中的歧义。面部上部区域特别容易引起患者的注意,并且与该区域的患者相关性较低,因为该区域包含多个需要正常整体感知才能成为最诊断区域的特征。因此,预后不佳的患者会表现出更健壮的嘴部表现,这是面部中相对孤立的特征,与上脸区域的任何单个元素相比,可能包含的信息更多,因此需要重复采样以解决识别过程中的歧义。面部上部区域特别容易引起患者的注意,并且与该区域的患者相关性较低,因为该区域包含多个需要正常整体感知才能成为最诊断区域的特征。因此,预后不佳的患者会表现出更健壮的嘴部表现,这是面部中相对孤立的特征,与上脸区域的任何单个元素相比,可能包含的信息更多,因此需要重复采样以解决识别过程中的歧义。
更新日期:2019-11-01
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