Ballast water presents an important vector for introduction of aquatic invasive species in the coastal waters around the world. Currently there are no established technologies proven to completely eliminate this problem due to the particularities of the ballasting and de-ballasting operations (extremely large volumes of water, efficiency at destroying macro and micro organisms, environmental issues associated with chemical treatments). Continuous microwave heating presents a potential solution to this problem, but the design of suitable applicators depends on the dielectric properties of the ballast water to be processed. The study presented in this paper is focused on the dielectric properties (dielectric constant-ε’; dielectric loss-ε”) of synthetic ballast water inoculated with four organisms at seven different temperatures in the frequency range of300 to 3000 MHz. The dielectric properties of the mixtures were determined using a network analyzer and a dielectric probe kit using the open-ended coaxial probe method. Numerical analysis was performed on data collected across all frequencies involved with an emphasis placed on F.C.C. allotted frequencies of 433, 915 and 2450 MHz. The dielectric constant was relatively independent of frequency and the organism used, but it showed a remarkable decrease with temperature. The dielectric loss showed an extreme decrease with increasing frequency, marked differences between the different organisms and between different growth stages of the same organism, and a large relatively linear increase with increasing temperature.

中文翻译：

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频率范围为 300 至 3000 MHz 时合成压载水的介电特性分析

压载水是将水生入侵物种引入世界各地沿海水域的重要载体。由于压载和卸压载操作的特殊性（极大的水量、破坏宏观和微生物的效率、与化学处理相关的环境问题），目前还没有成熟的技术被证明可以完全消除这个问题。连续微波加热为这个问题提供了一个潜在的解决方案，但合适的施加器的设计取决于要处理的压载水的介电特性。本文的研究重点是介电特性（介电常数-ε'；在 300 至 3000 MHz 频率范围内，在七种不同温度下接种四种生物的合成压载水的介电损耗-ε”）。混合物的介电特性使用网络分析仪和使用开放式同轴探针方法的介电探针套件确定。对跨所有涉及的频率收集的数据进行了数值分析，重点放在 FCC 分配的 433、915 和 2450 MHz 频率上。介电常数与频率和使用的生物体相对无关，但随着温度的升高而显着降低。介电损耗随着频率的增加呈现出极大的降低，不同生物之间以及同一生物不同生长阶段之间存在显着差异，