New cells, including neurons, arise in several brain regions during puberty in rats. Sex differences in pubertal addition of cells coincide with adult sexual dimorphisms: for each region, the sex that gains more cells during puberty has a larger volume in adulthood. Removing gonadal hormones before puberty eliminates these sex differences, indicating that gonadal steroids direct the addition of new cells during puberty to maintain and accentuate sexual dimorphisms in the adult brain.

中文翻译：

---

青春期激素调节向性别二态性大脑区域添加新细胞。

新细胞，包括神经元，在大鼠青春期的几个大脑区域中出现。青春期细胞添加的性别差异与成人性别二态性一致：对于每个区域，在青春期获得更多细胞的性别在成年期具有更大的体积。在青春期前去除性腺激素可以消除这些性别差异，这表明性腺类固醇会在青春期引导新细胞的添加，以维持和加强成人大脑中的性别二态性。