Gentamicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic produced by various species of the genus Micromonospora and has received much attention in the recent years as a broad-spectrum antibiotic for treatment of various infections. It exists as a complex of closely related aminoglycoside structures and the clinically significant one is the gentamicin C complex. This review article focuses attention on the present status of knowledge and the main advancements achieved in the last few decades on the subject of gentamicin with regard to its production, biosynthetic pathway, mode of action, and uses. The various nutritional and environmental parameters affecting gentamicin production and the factors affecting the release of bound gentamicin are discussed. Further, strain improvement using UV and/or chemical mutagenesis can be applied to augment the efficiency of the producer strain and a number of case studies are presented. Different detection and quantitative methods for gentamicin estimation and the mode of action of gentamicin are discussed in detail. This antibiotic finds extensive use in combination chemotherapy and as a drug for different delivery agents for treatment of osteomyelitis and other recent applications in gene therapy.

中文翻译：

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庆大霉素的微生物合成与应用：一项重要评估。

庆大霉素是一种由微单孢菌属（Micromonospora）属产生的氨基糖苷类抗生素，近年来作为治疗各种感染的广谱抗生素受到了广泛关注。它以紧密相关的氨基糖苷结构的复合物形式存在，临床上重要的一种是庆大霉素C复合物。这篇综述文章重点关注庆大霉素在其生产，生物合成途径，作用方式和用途方面的知识现状和最近几十年来在庆大霉素领域取得的主要进展。讨论了影响庆大霉素生产的各种营养和环境参数以及影响结合庆大霉素释放的因素。进一步，可以使用UV和/或化学诱变技术改进菌株，以提高生产菌株的效率，并提供了许多案例研究。详细讨论了庆大霉素估计的不同检测和定量方法以及庆大霉素的作用方式。这种抗生素在联合化疗中有广泛用途，并作为治疗骨髓炎的不同递送剂的药物以及基因治疗中的其他最新用途。