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Base excision repair and its role in maintaining genome stability.
Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology ( IF 6.5 ) Pub Date : 2008-08-30 , DOI: 10.1080/10409230802309905
Joke Baute 1 , Anne Depicker
Affiliation  

For all living organisms, genome stability is important, but is also under constant threat because various environmental and endogenous damaging agents can modify the structural properties of DNA bases. As a defense, organisms have developed different DNA repair pathways. Base excision repair (BER) is the predominant pathway for coping with a broad range of small lesions resulting from oxidation, alkylation, and deamination, which modify individual bases without large effect on the double helix structure. As, in mammalian cells, this damage is estimated to account daily for 10(4) events per cell, the need for BER pathways is unquestionable. The damage-specific removal is carried out by a considerable group of enzymes, designated as DNA glycosylases. Each DNA glycosylase has its unique specificity and many of them are ubiquitous in microorganisms, mammals, and plants. Here, we review the importance of the BER pathway and we focus on the different roles of DNA glycosylases in various organisms.

中文翻译:

碱基切除修复及其在维持基因组稳定性中的作用。

对于所有活生物体来说,基因组的稳定性都很重要,但由于各种环境和内源性破坏剂会改变DNA碱基的结构特性,因此基因组的稳定性也受到不断威胁。作为防御,生物体已发展出不同的DNA修复途径。碱基切除修复(BER)是应对由于氧化,烷基化和脱氨作用而导致的各种小损伤的主要途径,这些小损伤可修饰单个碱基而对双螺旋结构没有很大影响。由于在哺乳动物细胞中,这种破坏估计每天可导致每个细胞发生10(4)个事件,因此对BER通路的需求是毋庸置疑的。损伤特异性清除是通过相当多的称为DNA糖基化酶的酶进行的。每个DNA糖基化酶都有其独特的特异性,其中许多在微生物中普遍存在,哺乳动物和植物。在这里,我们回顾了BER途径的重要性,并且我们关注于DNA糖基化酶在各种生物中的不同作用。
更新日期:2019-11-01
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