Natural rubber, obtained almost exclusively from the Para rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis), is a unique biopolymer of strategic importance that, in many of its most significant applications, cannot be replaced by synthetic rubber alternatives. Several pressing motives lead to the search for alternative sources of natural rubber. These include increased evidence of allergenic reactions to Hevea rubber, the danger that the fungal pathogen Microcyclus ulei, causative agent of South American Leaf Blight (SALB), might spread to Southeast Asia, which would severely disrupt rubber production, potential shortages of supply due to increasing demand and changes in land use, and a general trend towards the replacement of petroleum-derived chemicals with renewables. Two plant species have received considerable attention as potential alternative sources of natural rubber: the Mexican shrub Guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray) and the Russian dandelion (Taraxacum koksaghyz). This review will summarize the current production methods and applications of natural rubber (dry rubber and latex), the threats to the production of natural rubber from the rubber tree, and describe the current knowledge of the production of natural rubber from guayule and Russian dandelion.

中文翻译：

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Guayule和俄罗斯蒲公英是天然橡胶的替代来源。

天然橡胶几乎完全从Para橡胶树（巴西橡胶树）中获得，是具有战略意义的独特生物聚合物，在其许多最重要的应用中，不能用合成橡胶替代。一些紧迫的动机导致人们寻找天然橡胶的替代来源。这些包括对橡胶树胶的过敏反应的证据增加，南美叶枯病（SALB）的病原体真菌病原菌微循环藻可能扩散到东南亚，这将严重破坏橡胶生产，潜在的供应短缺是由于日益增长的需求和土地用途的变化，以及使用可再生能源替代石油衍生化学品的总体趋势。作为天然橡胶的潜在替代来源，两种植物物种受到了极大的关注：墨西哥灌木Guayule（Argenatum灰色）和俄罗斯蒲公英（Taraxacum koksaghyz）。这篇综述将总结天然橡胶（干胶和乳胶）的当前生产方法和应用，橡胶树对天然橡胶生产的威胁，并描述从番石榴和俄罗斯蒲公英生产天然橡胶的当前知识。