A number of interesting features, phenotypes, and potential clinical applications have recently been ascribed to the type 2C family of protein phosphatases. Thus far, 16 different PP2C genes have been identified in the human genome, encoding (by means of alternative splicing) for at least 22 different isozymes. Virtually ever since their discovery, type 2C phosphatases have been predominantly linked to cell growth and to cellular stress signaling. Here, we provide an overview of the involvement of type 2C phosphatases in these two processes, and we show that four of them (PP2Calpha, PP2Cbeta, ILKAP, and PHLPP) can be expected to function as tumor suppressor proteins, and one as an oncoprotein (PP2Cdelta /Wip1). In addition, we demonstrate that in virtually all cases in which they have been linked to the stress response, PP2Cs act as inhibitors of cellular stress signaling. Based on the vast amount of experimental evidence obtained thus far, it therefore seems justified to conclude that type 2C protein phosphatases are important physiological regulators of cell growth and of cellular stress signaling.

中文翻译：

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2C型蛋白磷酸酶在生长调节和细胞应激信号传导中的作用。

最近，许多有趣的特征，表型和潜在的临床应用都归因于2C型蛋白质磷酸酶家族。迄今为止，已经在人类基因组中鉴定出16种不同的PP2C基因，它们编码（通过选择性剪接）至少22种不同的同工酶。实际上，自从发现以来，2C型磷酸酶就主要与细胞生长和细胞应激信号传导有关。在这里，我们概述了2C型磷酸酶在这两个过程中的参与，并且我们显示它们中的四个（PP2Calpha，PP2Cbeta，ILKAP和PHLPP）有望起到抑癌蛋白的作用，而一个则作为癌蛋白（PP2Cdelta / Wip1）。此外，我们证明，在几乎所有与压力反应相关的情况下，PP2C充当细胞应激信号转导的抑制剂。基于迄今为止获得的大量实验证据，因此似乎有理由得出结论，即2C型蛋白磷酸酶是细胞生长和细胞应激信号转导的重要生理调节剂。