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Stationary phase mutagenesis in B. subtilis: a paradigm to study genetic diversity programs in cells under stress.
Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology ( IF 6.5 ) Pub Date : 2007-10-06 , DOI: 10.1080/10409230701597717
Eduardo A Robleto 1 , Ronald Yasbin , Christian Ross , Mario Pedraza-Reyes
Affiliation  

One of the experimental platforms to study programs increasing genetic diversity in cells under stressful or nondividing conditions is adaptive mutagenesis, also called stationary phase mutagenesis or stress-induced mutagenesis. In some model systems, there is evidence that mutagenesis occurs in genes that are actively transcribed. Some of those genes may be actively transcribed as a result of environmental stress giving the appearance of directed mutation. That is, cells under conditions of starvation or other stresses accumulate mutations in transcribed genes, including those transcribed because of the selective pressure. An important question concerns how, within the context of stochastic processes, a cell biases mutation to genes under selection pressure? Because the mechanisms underlying DNA transactions in prokaryotic cells are well conserved among the three domains of life, these studies are likely to apply to the examination of genetic programs in eukaryotes. In eukaryotes, increasing genetic diversity in differentiated cells has been implicated in neoplasia and cell aging. Historically, Escherichia coli has been the paradigm used to discern the cellular processes driving the generation of adaptive mutations; however, examining adaptive mutation in Bacillus subtilis has contributed new insights. One noteworthy contribution is that the B. subtilis' ability to accumulate chromosomal mutations under conditions of starvation is influenced by cell differentiation and transcriptional derepression, as well as by proteins homologous to transcription and repair factors. Here we revise and discuss concepts pertaining to genetic programs that increase diversity in B. subtilis cells under nutritional stress.

中文翻译:

枯草芽孢杆菌的固定相诱变:研究应激条件下细胞遗传多样性程序的范例。

用于研究在压力或不分裂条件下增加细胞遗传多样性的程序的实验平台之一是自适应诱变,也称为固定相诱变或应激诱导诱变。在某些模型系统中,有证据表明诱变发生在活跃转录的基因中。由于环境压力的作用,这些基因中的某些可能会被主动转录,从而出现定向突变。也就是说,处于饥饿或其他压力条件下的细胞会在转录的基因中积累突变,包括由于选择压力而转录的基因。一个重要的问题涉及在随机过程的背景下,细胞在选择压力下将突变偏向基因?由于原核细胞中DNA交易的基本机制在生命的三个领域中都得到了很好的保守,因此这些研究可能适用于检查真核生物的遗传程序。在真核生物中,分化细胞中遗传多样性的增加与肿瘤形成和细胞衰老有关。从历史上看,大肠杆菌一直是用来识别驱动适应性突变产生的细胞过程的范例。然而,研究枯草芽孢杆菌中的适应性突变提供了新的见解。一项值得注意的贡献是,枯草芽孢杆菌在饥饿条件下积累染色体突变的能力受到细胞分化和转录抑制的影响,以及与转录和修复因子同源的蛋白质。在这里,我们修改和讨论有关在营养压力下增加枯草芽孢杆菌细胞多样性的遗传程序的概念。
更新日期:2019-11-01
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