The USSR possessed a unique national public health system that included an agency named "anti-plague system." Its mission was to protect the country from highly dangerous diseases of either natural or laboratory etiology. During the 1960s, the anti-plague system became the lead agency of a program to defend against biological warfare, codenamed Project 5. This responsibility grew and by the middle 1970s came to include undertaking tasks for the offensive biological warfare program, codenamed Ferment. This article describes the anti-plague system's activities relevant to both aspects of the Soviet Union's biological warfare program, offense and defense, and analyzes its contributions to each.

中文翻译：

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反瘟疫系统和苏联的生物战计划。

苏联拥有独特的国家公共卫生系统，其中包括一个名为“抗瘟疫系统”的机构。它的任务是保护该国免受自然或实验室病因的高度危险疾病的侵害。在1960年代，反瘟疫系统成为代号为Project 5的生物战防御计划的牵头机构。这一责任不断增加，到1970年代中期，已开始为代号为Ferment的进攻性生物战计划承担任务。本文介绍了抗瘟疫系统在苏联生物战计划的两个方面（进攻与防御）的相关活动，并分析了其对每个方面的贡献。