Preservation and long-term storage of red blood cells (RBCs) is needed to ensure a readily available, safe blood supply for transfusion medicine. Effective preservation procedures are required at various steps in the production of a RBC product including testing, inventory, quality control, and product distribution. Biopreservation is the process of maintaining the integrity and functionality of cells held outside the native environment for extended storage times. The biopreservation of RBCs for clinical use can be categorized based on the techniques used to achieve biologic stability and ensure a viable state after long-term storage. This paper will review the history, science, current practices, and emerging technologies of current RBC biopreservation approaches: hypothermic storage, cryopreservation, and lyophilization.

中文翻译：

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红细胞的生物保存：过去，现在和将来。

需要保存和长期保存红细胞（RBC），以确保为输血药物提供随时可用的安全血液。在生产RBC产品的各个步骤（包括测试，库存，质量控制和产品分发）中，需要有效的保存程序。生物保存是保持天然环境以外的细胞完整性和功能性以延长存储时间的过程。用于临床用途的RBC的生物保存可以根据用于实现生物学稳定性并确保长期保存后的存活状态的技术进行分类。本文将回顾当前RBC生物保存方法的历史，科学，当前实践和新兴技术：低温保存，低温保存和冻干。