Although the risk of infection by blood transfusion is relatively low, breakthrough infections still occur, Transfusion-related fatalities caused by infections continue to be reported, and blood is not tested for many potentially dangerous pathogens. The current paradigm for increasing the safety of the blood supply is the development and implementation of laboratory screening methods and restrictive donor criteria. When considering the large number of known pathogens and the fact that pathogens continue to emerge, it is clear that the utility of new tests and donor restrictions will continue to be a challenge when considering the cost of developing and implementing new screening assays, the loss of potential donors, and the risk of testing errors. Despite improving the safety of blood components, testing remains a reactive approach to blood safety. The contaminating organisms must be identified before sensitive tests can be developed. In contrast, pathogen inactivation is a proactive strategy designed to inactivate a pathogen before it enters the blood supply. Almost all pathogen inactivation technologies target nucleic acids, allowing for the inactivation of a variety of nucleic acid-containing pathogens within plasma, platelets, or red blood cells thus providing the potential to reduce transfusion-transmitted diseases. However, widespread use of a pathogen inactivation technology can only be realized when proven safe and efficacious and not cost-prohibitive.

中文翻译：

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保护血液供应免受新兴病原体的侵害：病原体失活的作用。

尽管输血感染的风险相对较低，但仍会发生突破性感染，继续有报告说感染引起的与输血有关的死亡，并且没有对血液进行多种潜在危险病原体的检测。当前增加血液供应安全性的范例是实验室筛查方法和限制性供体标准的开发和实施。当考虑到大量已知病原体以及病原体继续出现的事实时，很明显，考虑到开发和实施新的筛查方法的成本，筛查方法的损失，使用新的检测方法和限制供体仍将是一个挑战。潜在的捐赠者，以及测试错误的风险。尽管改善了血液成分的安全性，测试仍然是血液安全的一种反应性方法。必须先鉴定出污染生物，然后才能进行敏感测试。相反，病原体灭活是一种主动策略，旨在在病原体进入血液供应之前对其进行灭活。几乎所有病原体灭活技术都以核酸为目标，从而可以灭活血浆，血小板或红血球内各种含核酸的病原体，从而提供减少输血传播疾病的潜力。但是，只有在证明安全有效的前提下，且成本不高的情况下，才能实现病原体灭活技术的广泛使用。病原体灭活是一种主动策略，旨在在病原体进入血液供应之前使其灭活。几乎所有病原体灭活技术都以核酸为目标，从而可以灭活血浆，血小板或红血球内各种含核酸的病原体，从而提供减少输血传播疾病的潜力。但是，只有在证明安全有效的前提下，且成本不高的情况下，才能实现病原体灭活技术的广泛使用。病原体灭活是一种主动策略，旨在在病原体进入血液供应之前使其灭活。几乎所有病原体灭活技术都以核酸为目标，从而可以灭活血浆，血小板或红血球内各种含核酸的病原体，从而提供减少输血传播疾病的潜力。但是，只有在证明安全有效的前提下，且成本不高的情况下，才能实现病原体灭活技术的广泛使用。