Nanoparticles (NPs) may be capable of reversing the toxic effects of drug overdoses in humans by adsorbing/absorbing drug molecules. This paper develops a model to include the kinetic effects of treating drug overdoses by NPs. Depending on the size and the nature of the NPs, they may either pass through the capillary walls and enter the tissue space or remain only inside the capillaries and other blood vessels: models are developed for each case. Furthermore, the time scale for equilibration between the NP and the blood will vary with the specific type of NP. The NPs may sequester drug from within the capillaries depending on whether this time scale is larger or smaller than the residence time of blood within the capillary. Models are developed for each scenario. The results suggest that NPs are more effective at detoxification if they are confined to the blood vessels and do not enter the tissues. The results also show that the detoxification process is faster if drug uptake occurs within the capillaries. The trends shown by the model predictions can serve as useful guides in the design of the optimal NP for detoxification.

中文翻译：

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纳米粒子排毒的基于生理的药代动力学模型。

纳米颗粒（NPs）可能能够通过吸附/吸收药物分子来逆转药物过量对人的毒性作用。本文开发了一个模型，以包括通过NPs处理药物过量的动力学效应。根据NP的大小和性质，它们可能穿过毛细血管壁进入组织空间，或者仅保留在毛细血管和其他血管内部：针对每种情况开发模型。此外，NP和血液之间平衡的时间尺度会随NP的特定类型而变化。NP可能会从毛细管内部隔离药物，具体取决于此时间范围是大于还是小于血液在毛细管中的停留时间。针对每种情况开发模型。结果表明，NPs如果排在血管内且不进入组织，则对排毒更有效。结果还表明，如果毛细血管内发生药物吸收，排毒过程会更快。模型预测所显示的趋势可作为设计最佳NP排毒的有用指南。