The expression and subcellular localization of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 or 2 (ERK1/2) homologues (HLERK1/2) during the process of organogenic nodule formation in Humulus lupulus var. Nugget was studied using antibodies specific for ERK1 and ERK2, and for phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). The increase in HLERK levels, detected by Western blotting 12 hours after wounding suggests their involvement in response to the wounding treatment applied for morphogenesis induction. In dividing cambial cells, occurring in between 4 and 7 days after morphogenesis induction, as well as in dividing prenodular cells (15 days after induction) HLERK1 and/or 2 were localized in the nucleus. However, as soon as nodular cells start proliferating to form shoot meristems, HLERK1 and 2 were detected in the cytoplasm and not in the nucleus. The data reported account for a differential expression and activation of HLERK1 and HLERK2 throughout the process of nodule formation and plantlet regeneration. HLERK1 appears to be expressed in the stages of nodule formation and plantlet regeneration, playing a possible role in controlling cell proliferation and differentiation. HLERK2 may be induced as a response to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by wounding of internodes as its expression is reduced in liquid medium with less oxygen availability compared to solid medium. However, addition of a ROS inhibitor to the liquid medium does not result in a further decrease in the HLERK2 level.

中文翻译：

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Hum草节间器官发生结节形成过程中ERKs的差异表达和细胞定位。金块。

Hum草器官发生结节形成过程中细胞外信号调节激酶1或2（ERK1 / 2）同源物（HLERK1 / 2）的表达和亚细胞定位。使用对ERK1和ERK2以及磷酸化有丝分裂原激活的蛋白激酶（MAPK）特异的抗体研究了Nugget。创伤后12小时通过蛋白质印迹检测到的HLERK水平升高表明它们参与了对用于形态发生诱导的创伤治疗的响应。在分裂的冈比亚细胞中，发生在形态发生诱导后的4至7天之间，以及在分裂的结节状细胞中（诱导后15天），HLERK1和/或2均位于细胞核中。但是，一旦结节细胞开始增殖形成芽分生组织，在细胞质中而不是细胞核中检测到HLERK1和2。报告的数据说明了在结节形成和幼苗再生过程中HLERK1和HLERK2的差异表达和激活。HLERK1似乎在结节形成和苗再生的阶段表达，在控制细胞增殖和分化中可能发挥作用。HLERK2可以作为对节点间受伤而产生的活性氧（ROS）的反应而诱导，因为它的表达在液体培养基中减少了，与固体培养基相比，氧的利用率较低。但是，向液体介质中添加ROS抑制剂不会导致HLERK2水平的进一步降低。报告的数据说明了在结节形成和幼苗再生过程中HLERK1和HLERK2的差异表达和激活。HLERK1似乎在结节形成和小植株再生的阶段表达，在控制细胞增殖和分化中可能发挥作用。HLERK2可以作为对节点间受伤而产生的活性氧（ROS）的反应而诱导，因为它的表达在液体培养基中减少了，与固体培养基相比，氧的利用率较低。但是，向液体介质中添加ROS抑制剂不会导致HLERK2水平的进一步降低。报告的数据说明了在结节形成和幼苗再生过程中HLERK1和HLERK2的差异表达和激活。HLERK1似乎在结节形成和小植株再生的阶段表达，在控制细胞增殖和分化中可能发挥作用。HLERK2可以作为对节点间受伤而产生的活性氧（ROS）的反应而诱导，因为它的表达在液体培养基中减少了，与固体培养基相比，氧的利用率较低。但是，向液体介质中添加ROS抑制剂不会导致HLERK2水平的进一步降低。HLERK2可以作为对节点间受伤而产生的活性氧（ROS）的反应而诱导，因为它的表达在液体培养基中减少了，与固体培养基相比，氧的利用率较低。但是，向液体介质中添加ROS抑制剂不会导致HLERK2水平的进一步降低。HLERK2可以作为对节点间受伤而产生的活性氧（ROS）的反应而诱导，因为它的表达在液体培养基中减少了，与固体培养基相比，氧的利用率较低。但是，向液体介质中添加ROS抑制剂不会导致HLERK2水平的进一步降低。