Introduction: Development of specific biomarkers aiding early diagnosis of heart failure is an ongoing challenge. Biomarkers commonly used in clinical routine usually act as readouts of an already existing acute condition rather than disease initiation. Functional decline of cardiac muscle is greatly aggravated by increased oxidative stress and damage of proteins. Oxidative post-translational modifications occur already at early stages of tissue damage and are thus regarded as potential up-coming disease markers.

Areas covered: Clinical practice regarding commonly used biomarkers for heart disease is briefly summarized. The types of oxidative post-translational modification in cardiac pathologies are discussed with a special focus on available quantitative techniques and characteristics of individual modifications with regard to their stability and analytical accessibility. As irreversible oxidative modifications trigger protein degradation pathways or cause protein aggregation, both influencing biomarker abundance, a chapter is dedicated to their regulation in the heart.

简介：开发有助于早期诊断心力衰竭的特定生物标志物是一项持续的挑战。临床常规中常用的生物标志物通常用作已经存在的急性病症的读数，而不是疾病的开始。增加的氧化应激和蛋白质的损伤会大大加剧心肌的功能衰退。氧化翻译后修饰已经发生在组织损伤的早期阶段，因此被认为是潜在的即将到来的疾病标志物。

涵盖的领域：简要总结了有关心脏病常用生物标志物的临床实践。讨论了心脏病理学中氧化翻译后修饰的类型，特别关注可用的定量技术和个体修饰在稳定性和分析可及性方面的特征。由于不可逆的氧化修饰会触发蛋白质降解途径或导致蛋白质聚集，两者都会影响生物标志物的丰度，因此有一章专门讨论它们在心脏中的调节。