Vitamin E and carotenoids are known to act as antioxidants both in vitro and in vivo. In this review we present a series of studies in healthy subjects and in patients who exhibit either acute or chronic oxidative stress. In the EU-Commission funded VITAGE project we investigated the status and effects of vitamin E and carotenoids on oxidative stress in 300 healthy volunteers. Depletion studies limiting dietary vitamin E or carotenoid intake to approximately 25% of the dietary reference intakes and subsequent repletion by supplementation with either large doses of vitamin E or intermediate doses of carotenoids showed significant changes in ex vivo LDL oxidizability, total plasma peroxide concentrations and urinary 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2(')-deoxyguanosine excretion. Patients on chronic hemodialysis present with oxidative stress in the presence of normal vitamin E but impaired vitamin C status and, due to anemia, need to be treated with parenteral iron. We studied the effects of a single oral dose of vitamin E taken 6 h prior to intravenous infusion of 100 mg iron, which exceeded the iron-binding capacity of transferrin. Vitamin E significantly reduced and in combination with a single dose of vitamin C completely abrogated acute oxidative stress induced by the iron load. Patients with cystic fibrosis are exposed to chronic oxidative stress due to an overproduction of reactive oxygen species as a result of neutrophil-dominated lung inflammation and impaired antioxidant status. Biochemical vitamin E and carotenoid deficiencies could be fully corrected even in the presence of fat malabsorption using intermediate doses of either RRR alpha-tocopherol or all-rac alpha-tocopheryl acetate and water-miscible all-trans beta-carotene. Long-term supplementation reduced ex vivo LDL oxidizability, in vivo lipid peroxidation and lung inflammation.

中文翻译：

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维生素E和类胡萝卜素状态对健康和疾病中氧化应激的影响。从人为干预研究获得的证据。

已知维生素E和类胡萝卜素在体内和体外均可作为抗氧化剂。在这篇综述中，我们对健康受试者以及表现出急性或慢性氧化应激的患者进行了一系列研究。在欧盟委员会资助的VITAGE项目中，我们调查了300名健康志愿者中维生素E和类胡萝卜素对氧化应激的状态和影响。消耗研究将饮食中的维生素E或类胡萝卜素的摄入量限制在膳食参考摄入量的约25％，随后通过补充大剂量的维生素E或中等剂量的类胡萝卜素进行补充，表明离体LDL氧化能力，血浆总过氧化物浓度和尿液发生了显着变化8-氧-7,8-二氢-2（'）-脱氧鸟苷排泄物。患有慢性血液透析的患者在正常维生素E的存在下会出现氧化应激，但维生素C的状态受损，并且由于贫血，需要用肠胃外铁剂治疗。我们研究了在静脉输注100 mg铁之前6小时服用单次口服维生素E的效果，该剂量超过了转铁蛋白的铁结合能力。维生素E显着降低，与单剂量维生素C结合可完全消除铁负荷引起的急性氧化应激。囊性纤维化患者由于中性粒细胞为主的肺部炎症和抗氧化剂状态受损，由于活性氧的过量产生而暴露于慢性氧化应激。甚至在存在脂肪吸收不良的情况下，使用中等剂量的RRRα-生育酚或全脂α-生育酚乙酸酯与水混溶的全反式β-胡萝卜素也可以完全纠正生化维生素E和类胡萝卜素缺乏症。长期补充会降低离体LDL的氧化性，体内脂质过氧化和肺部炎症。