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Problems with essential fatty acids: time for a new paradigm?
Progress in Lipid Research ( IF 13.6 ) Pub Date : 2003-10-16 , DOI: 10.1016/s0163-7827(03)00038-9
Stephen C Cunnane 1
Affiliation  

The term 'essential fatty acid' is ambiguous and inappropriately inclusive or exclusive of many polyunsaturated fatty acids. When applied most rigidly to linoleate and alpha-linolenate, this term excludes the now well accepted but conditional dietary need for two long chain polyunsaturates (arachidonate and docosahexaenoate) during infancy. In addition, because of the concomitant absence of dietary alpha-linolenate, essential fatty acid deficiency is a seriously flawed model that has probably led to significantly overestimating linoleate requirements. Linoleate and alpha-linolenate are more rapidly beta-oxidized and less easily replaced in tissue lipids than the common 'non-essential' fatty acids (palmitate, stearate, oleate). Carbon from linoleate and alpha-linolenate is recycled into palmitate and cholesterol in amounts frequently exceeding that used to make long chain polyunsaturates. These observations represent several problems with the concept of 'essential fatty acid', a term that connotes a more protected and important fatty acid than those which can be made endogenously. The metabolism of essential and non-essential fatty acids is clearly much more interconnected than previously understood. Replacing the term 'essential fatty acid' by existing but less biased terminology, i.e. polyunsaturates, omega3 or omega6 polyunsaturates, or naming the individual fatty acid(s) in question, would improve clarity and would potentially promote broader exploration of the functional and health attributes of polyunsaturated fatty acids.

中文翻译:

必需脂肪酸的问题:是时候采用新的范式了吗?

术语“必需脂肪酸”是模棱两可的,不恰当地包含或排除了许多多不饱和脂肪酸。当最严格地应用于亚油酸酯和α-亚麻酸酯时,该术语不包括目前公认的但在婴儿期对两种长链多不饱和酸酯(花生四烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸酯)的有条件饮食需求。此外,由于缺乏饮食中的α-亚麻酸,必需脂肪酸缺乏症是一个严重有缺陷的模型,可能导致大大高估了亚麻酸的需求量。与常见的“非必需”脂肪酸(棕榈酸酯,硬脂酸酯,油酸酯)相比,亚油酸酯和α-亚麻酸酯在组织脂质中更快速地被β氧化,不易被替换。来自亚油酸酯和α-亚油酸酯的碳被循环成棕榈酸酯和胆固醇,其数量经常超过用于制造长链多不饱和酸酯的数量。这些观察结果代表了“必需脂肪酸”概念的几个问题,“必需脂肪酸”这个术语表示比内源性脂肪酸更受保护和重要。必需脂肪酸和非必需脂肪酸的代谢显然比以前理解的相互关联得多。用现有的但不太偏向的术语(即多不饱和酸酯,omega3或omega6多不饱和酸酯)代替术语“必需脂肪酸”,或命名所讨论的单个脂肪酸,将提高清晰度,并有可能促进对功能和健康特性的更广泛探索多不饱和脂肪酸。
更新日期:2019-11-01
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