Calpains are a family of calcium-dependent cysteine proteases under complex cellular regulation. By making selective limited proteolytic cleavages, they modulate the activity of enzymes, including key signaling molecules, and induce specific cytoskeletal rearrangements, accounting for their roles in cell motility, signal transduction, vesicular trafficking and structural stabilization. Calpain activation has been implicated in various aging phenomena and diseases of late life, including cataract formation, erythrocyte senescence, diabetes mellitus type 2, hypertension, arthritis, and neurodegenerative disorders. The early and pervasive involvement of calpains in Alzheimer's disease potentially influences the development of beta-amyloid and tau disturbances and their consequences for neurodegeneration and neuronal cell loss.

中文翻译：

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钙蛋白酶在衰老和衰老相关疾病中。

钙蛋白酶是在复杂细胞调节下的钙依赖性半胱氨酸蛋白酶的家族。通过选择性地进行有限的蛋白水解切割，它们调节酶（包括关键信号分子）的活性，并诱导特定的细胞骨架重排，这说明了它们在细胞运动，信号转导，囊泡运输和结构稳定中的作用。钙蛋白酶的激活与多种衰老现象和晚年疾病有关，包括白内障形成，红细胞衰老，2型糖尿病，高血压，关节炎和神经退行性疾病。钙蛋白酶在阿尔茨海默氏病中的早期广泛渗透可能会影响β-淀粉样蛋白和tau紊乱的发展及其对神经变性和神经元细胞损失的后果。