Transforming growth factor betas (TGFbetas) are pleiotropic cytokines involved in many biological processes. Genetic engineering and tissue explanation studies have revealed specific non-overlapping roles for TGFbeta ligands and their signaling molecules in development and in normal function of the cardiovascular system in the adult. In the embryo, TGFbetas appear to be involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transformations (EMT) during endocardial cushion formation, and in epicardial epithelial-mesenchymal transformations essential for coronary vasculature, ventricular myocardial development and compaction. In the adult, TGFbetas are involved in cardiac hypertrophy, vascular remodeling and regulation of the renal renin-angiotensin system. The evidence for TGFbeta activities during cardiovascular development and physiologic function will be given and areas which need further investigation will be discussed.

中文翻译：

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在心血管发育和功能中转化生长因子β。

转化生长因子β（TGFbetas）是参与许多生物学过程的多效性细胞因子。基因工程和组织解释研究表明，TGFβ配体及其信号分子在成年人心血管系统的发育和正常功能中具有特定的非重叠作用。在胚胎中，TGFbetas似乎参与心内膜垫形成过程中的上皮-间质转化（EMT），并参与冠状动脉血管，心室心肌发育和压实所必需的上皮性上皮-间质转化。在成年人中，TGFbetas参与心脏肥大，血管重塑和肾素-血管紧张素系统的调节。