Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been widely employed as one tool for the studies of human migration and phylogenetic evolution owing to the characteristics of its lack of recombination and matrilineal inheritance. In this study, we analyze genetic distributions of 60 mtDNA markers in 126 unrelated individuals of Southern Shaanxi Han population and classify their haplogroups. Genetic distribution comparisons between Southern Shaanxi Han and other populations from different continents are conducted based on the same mtDNA markers. The majority of 60 mtDNA markers are polymorphic in Southern Shaanxi Han population. The most common haplogroups observed in Southern Shaanxi Han population are B5, followed by D5, A, D4e, and N9a1′3. Obtained matching probability for these 60 mtDNA markers indicates that the panel could be used as a valuable tool in forensic caseworks. Results of genetic distances (Fst) and multidimensional scaling analysis show that Southern Shaanxi Han population has relatively close genetic relationships with other Han populations in different regions. In conclusion, the panel comprising 60 mtDNA markers could be utilized for forensic applications in Southern Shaanxi Han population.

中文翻译：

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陕南汉族人群60个线粒体DNA标记的单倍群结构和遗传变异分析。

线粒体DNA（mtDNA）由于缺乏重组和母系遗传的特性而被广泛用作研究人类迁移和系统进化的一种工具。在这项研究中，我们分析了60个mtDNA标记在陕西南部汉族人口中的126个无关个体的遗传分布，并对其单倍型进行了分类。基于相同的mtDNA标记，进行了陕南汉族和其他大陆人群的遗传分布比较。陕西南部汉族人群中，多数60个mtDNA标记是多态的。陕西南部汉族人群中最常见的单倍群是B5，其次是D5，A，D4e和N9a1'3。获得的这60个mtDNA标记的匹配概率表明该面板可作为法医案件中的宝贵工具。遗传距离的结果（Fst）和多维尺度分析表明，陕南汉族人群与不同地区的其他汉族人群具有较近的遗传关系。总之，由60个mtDNA标记组成的小组可用于陕南汉族人群的法医学应用。