Multiple Sclerosis (MS), an autoimmune disorder associated with spinal cord and brain, chiefly affects the white matter. Regarding the complexity as well as heterogenic etiology of this disease, the treatment of MS has been a challenging issue up to now. Researchers are working to develop new therapeutic strategies and drugs as complementary therapies. MS diagnosis significantly depends on the findings of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) examination. In this imaging technique, gadolinium is used as a contrast agent to reveal active plaques intending to destroy the bloodbrain barrier. It also detects plaques that are not correlated with the neurological symptoms. It has been attempted to determine biomarkers related to different dimensions of MS in various organizational hierarchy levels of the human anatomy (i.e., cells, proteins, RNA, and DNA). These biomarkers are appropriate diagnostic tools for MS diagnosis. In this review, we summarized the application of MRI and biochemical biomarkers to monitor MS patients. Moreover, we highlighted the joint application of MRI and biomarkers for the diagnosis of MS subjects.

多发性硬化症（MS）是一种与脊髓和大脑有关的自身免疫性疾病，主要影响白质。关于该疾病的复杂性和异源病因，迄今为止，MS的治疗一直是具有挑战性的问题。研究人员正在努力开发新的治疗策略和药物，作为补充疗法。MS诊断很大程度上取决于磁共振成像（MRI）检查的结果。在这种成像技术中，g被用作造影剂以揭示打算破坏血脑屏障的活性斑块。它还可以检测与神经系统症状无关的斑块。已经尝试确定在人体解剖结构的各种组织层次级别（即，细胞，蛋白质，RNA和DNA）中与MS的不同维度有关的生物标记。这些生物标记物是用于MS诊断的合适诊断工具。在这篇综述中，我们总结了MRI和生化生物标记物在监测MS患者中的应用。此外，我们重点介绍了MRI和生物标志物在MS受试者诊断中的联合应用。