Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related cytokines are critical effector molecules in the immune response to viral pathogens. Engagement of the TNF receptors by their cognate ligands activates apoptotic and non-apoptotic signaling pathways, both of which can mediate antiviral activity. In response, viruses have evolved mechanisms to inhibit signaling by some cytokines of the TNF superfamily. These strategies are largely unique to each class of virus, but are similar in that they all target key regulatory checkpoints of the TNF pathway. In recent years, studies directed towards dissecting the mechanisms of TNF signaling and the viral retort have led to several significant discoveries, and form the basis for this review.

中文翻译：

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病毒与TNF相关的细胞因子，一场不断发展的战斗。

肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）相关的细胞因子是病毒病原体免疫反应中的关键效应分子。TNF受体与其同源配体的结合可激活凋亡和非凋亡信号通路，两者均可介导抗病毒活性。作为响应，病毒已发展出抑制TNF超家族某些细胞因子信号转导的机制。这些策略在每种病毒中基本上都是唯一的，但是相似之处在于它们都以TNF途径的关键调节检查点为目标。近年来，旨在剖析TNF信号传导和病毒反驳的机制的研究导致了几个重要发现，并为该综述奠定了基础。