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Differences in endocytosis and intracellular sorting of ricin and viscumin in 3T3 cells.
European Journal of Cell Biology ( IF 6.6 ) Pub Date : 2002-11-20 , DOI: 10.1078/0171-9335-00263
Mihail Moisenovic 1 , Alexandr Tonevitsky , Igor Agapov , Hideaki Niwa , Heinz Schewe , Jürgen Bereiter-Hahn
Affiliation  

Ricin and viscumin are heterodimeric protein toxins. Their A-chain is enzymatically active and removes an adenine residue from the 28S rRNA, the B-chain has lectin activity and binds to terminal galactose residues of cell surface receptors. The toxins reveal a high degree of identity in their amino acid sequences. Nevertheless, uptake into 3T3 cells occurs via different receptors and endocytotic pathways. This has been revealed by enzyme linked based analysis of ricin competition with viscumin, and by fluorochrome-labeled toxins (viscumin-FITC, ricin-Alexa 568), which were added simultaneously or separately to living cells. Then the uptake was followed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Ricin immediately is delivered to the tubular and vesicular structures of endosomes in the perinuclear area while viscumin becomes endocytosed into small vesicles preferentially in the cell periphery. After about 60 min both these toxins may be found in tubo-vesicular structures of endosomes where the sorting process can directly be observed. The fact that this sorting takes place is a strong argument for the assumption that the toxins are bound to membrane proteins, either to their original receptors or to other proteins inside the endosomal compartment exhibiting terminal galactose residues. The toxins are biologically fully active as has been proven by binding and by toxicity experiments, thus the differences in targeting do not arise from labeling.

中文翻译:

内吞作用和3T3细胞中蓖麻毒素和粘蛋白的细胞内分选的差异。

蓖麻毒素和粘蛋白是异二聚体蛋白毒素。它们的A链具有酶促活性,可从28S rRNA中除去腺嘌呤残基,B链具有凝集素活性,并与细胞表面受体的末端半乳糖残基结合。毒素在其氨基酸序列中显示出高度的同一性。然而,通过不同的受体和内吞途径,摄取到3T3细胞中。这已经通过基于酶联的蓖麻毒蛋白与粘菌素竞争的分析以及荧光染料标记的毒素(粘菌素-FITC,蓖麻毒蛋白-Alexa 568)得到了揭示,这些毒素同时或分别添加到活细胞中。然后通过共聚焦激光扫描显微镜观察摄取。蓖麻毒蛋白立即被递送至核周区域内体的管状和囊状结构,而粘菌素优先在细胞外围被内吞到小囊泡中。大约60分钟后,这两种毒素都可能在内体的微泡结构中被发现,在那里可以直接观察到分选过程。发生这种分类的事实是一个强有力的论据,认为该毒素与膜蛋白结合,既可以与膜的原始受体结合,也可以与显示末端半乳糖残基的内体隔室内的其他蛋白结合。如结合和毒性实验所证明,毒素具有生物学上的完全活性,因此靶向作用的差异不会因标记而引起。大约60分钟后,这两种毒素都可能在内体的微泡结构中被发现,在那里可以直接观察到分选过程。发生这种分类的事实是一个强有力的论据,认为该毒素与膜蛋白结合,既可以与膜的原始受体结合,也可以与显示末端半乳糖残基的内体隔室内的其他蛋白结合。如结合和毒性实验所证明,毒素具有生物学上的完全活性,因此靶向作用的差异不会源于标记。大约60分钟后,这两种毒素都可能在内体的微泡结构中被发现,在那里可以直接观察到分选过程。发生这种分类的事实是一个强有力的论据,认为该毒素与膜蛋白结合,既可以与膜的原始受体结合,也可以与显示末端半乳糖残基的内体隔室内的其他蛋白结合。如结合和毒性实验所证明,毒素具有生物学上的完全活性,因此靶向作用的差异不会因标记而引起。对它们的原始受体或在内体区室中显示末端半乳糖残基的其他蛋白质。如结合和毒性实验所证明,毒素具有生物学上的完全活性,因此靶向作用的差异不会源于标记。对它们的原始受体或在内体区室中显示末端半乳糖残基的其他蛋白质而言。如结合和毒性实验所证明,毒素具有生物学上的完全活性,因此靶向作用的差异不会因标记而引起。
更新日期:2019-11-01
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