Microbial communities residing in the nose play important roles in human health and disease. We report marked differences in nasal microbiota between a rural community and an industrial setting located near a major urban city. Nasal samples were collected from 19 healthy male subjects: 9 samples from persons living in a rural village, and 10 samples from ceramic factory workers in a major industrial Egyptian city. The nasal microbiota in the rural sample had higher and distinct diversity compared with industrial samples from workers exposed to pollution daily. Taxonomic analysis of the sequences revealed five major phyla; among these phyla were Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Fusobacteria, revealing significant abundance variation by geographical location. For example, the rural group had a significant increase in representation of Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes (p = 0.004, p = 0.01, respectively) compared with the industrial group. However, the industrial group showed a significant increase in relative abundance of phylum Proteobacteria (p = 0.02). The most predominant genera for the rural group were Corynebacterium, Staphylococcus, Alloiococcus, and Peptoniphilus. By contrast, the industrial group was dominated by Staphylococcus, Sphingomonas, and Moraxella. Environmental pollution might alter the nasal microbiome leading to an attendant disturbance in the microbiome community structure. The clinical and public health implications of these nasal microbiome variations by rural and industrialized geography warrant further research. This study contributes to our knowledge of the bacterial composition of nasal microbiome in rural and industrialized geographies, and informs public health, respiratory medicine, and occupational health scholarship.

中文翻译：

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以元基因组学为特征的人鼻微生物组在埃及的农村和工业社区之间明显不同。

鼻子中的微生物群落在人类健康和疾病中发挥着重要作用。我们报告了农村社区和位于主要城市附近的工业环境之间鼻微生物群的明显差异。鼻样本是从19名健康的男性受试者中采集的：9份来自农村乡村居民的样本，以及10份来自埃及主要工业城市的陶瓷工厂工人的样本。与每天接触污染工人的工业样本相比，农村样本中的鼻微生物群具有更高且独特的多样性。序列的分类学分析揭示了五个主要门。这些门系中有放线菌属，变形杆菌属，拟杆菌属和梭菌属，根据地理位置显示出大量的丰度变化。例如，与工业组相比，农村组放线菌和拟杆菌的代表性显着增加（分别为p = 0.004，p = 0.01）。但是，工业组显示门氏杆菌属细菌的相对丰度显着增加（p = 0.02）。农村群体中最主要的属是棒状杆菌，葡萄球菌，同种球菌和Peptoniphilus。相比之下，工业集团以葡萄球菌，鞘氨醇单胞菌和莫拉氏菌为主。环境污染可能会改变鼻腔微生物组，导致随之而来的微生物组群落结构紊乱。农村和工业化地理环境对这些鼻微生物组变异的临床和公共卫生影响值得进一步研究。