This paper examines changes to the walkability of the built environment and associated changes in walking behaviour following area regeneration or relocation in Glasgow, UK. The aim is to contribute to longitudinal evidence of links between the built environment and walking behaviour. Most studies to date have been cross-sectional and the evidence they provide that changing the built environment will lead to changes in walking behaviour is weak. Our study examines how changes in neighbourhood walkability influence levels of walking in the local area. We use household survey data from deprived neighbourhoods in Glasgow undergoing housing-led and area regeneration at two time points, 2011 and 2015. Measures of walkability were calculated for each year as a product of intersection density (connectivity) and dwelling density and attached to survey data. Relationships between changes in walkability and repeated measures of walking frequency are examined. We compare changes in walking between those who move house compared with those who experience changes to the built environment in their existing home location. Those who relocate ('movers') are more likely to increase their frequency of walking in the neighbourhood, but this is not necessarily as a result of changes in the built environment as measured using walkability metrics. Prior walking habits are a strong influence, with those who walk at baseline being more likely to increase their walking later. Environmental improvements through renewal programmes are often of insufficient quality or extent to stimulate increased walking. It is likely that area regeneration needs to be combined with people-based and social interventions to produce 'behavioural spillovers' that encourage walking habits.

中文翻译：

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可以通过基于区域的再生和搬迁来鼓励步行习惯吗？对英国格拉斯哥贫困社区的纵向研究。

本文研究了英国格拉斯哥地区重建或搬迁后建筑环境的可步行性变化以及步行行为的相关变化。目的是为建筑环境与步行行为之间联系的纵向证据做出贡献。迄今为止，大多数研究都是横断面的，他们提供的关于改变建筑环境会导致步行行为改变的证据很薄弱。我们的研究考察了社区步行能力的变化如何影响当地步行水平。我们使用了格拉斯哥贫困社区在 2011 年和 2015 年两个时间点进行住房主导和区域重建的家庭调查数据。每年计算可步行性指标，作为交叉口密度（连通性）和居住密度的乘积，并附在调查数据中。研究了步行能力的变化与步行频率的重复测量之间的关系。我们比较了搬家的人与那些在他们现有的家中经历了建筑环境变化的人之间的步行变化。那些搬迁的人（“搬家者”）更有可能增加他们在附近步行的频率，但这并不一定是由于使用步行性指标衡量的建筑环境发生变化的结果。先前的步行习惯会产生很大的影响，那些以基线步行的人以后更有可能增加步行。通过更新计划改善环境的质量或程度通常不足以刺激步行的增加。区域再生很可能需要与以人为本的社会干预相结合，以产生鼓励步行习惯的“行为溢出效应”。