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Food aid: Pitfalls and potential
Food Policy ( IF 6.5 ) Pub Date : 1986-11-01 , DOI: 10.1016/0306-9192(86)90025-4
F Stewart

This article poses the question of whether it is possible to use food aid to meet short-run needs while supporting and not undermining the achievement of long-term goals of self-reliance at the household and national levels. Often either some degree of self-reliance is sacrificed or people will suffer malnutrition. Food aid may be used to generate employment for low income families (food-for-work schemes), to reduce food prices during shortages by increasing the supply, and it can be delivered to target groups as a direct entitlement. What happens to food after delivery is important: often it goes to family members not targeted. Other factors (e.g. measles) affect nutritional status. Food aid must often continue for long periods to avoid nutritional regression. The stage in distribution at which food is used is important; e.g. a measles epidemic might affect the consumption but not the supply of food, or poor targeting might benefit families who do not need it. Complementary actions may improve conditions; for example, if food is sold, increasing income improves the situation. A problem with provision of food is depression of local prices, reducing incentives to produce food locally. Most food aid does not increase demand, and in fact if the effect is to change tastes away from local products demand may be reduced. The effect on demand depends on the type of aid scheme, the timing and duration, and the locality of the project. Most objectives are better achieved by the use of cash aid, which promotes rather than weakens local food producers' incentives, reduces transport and storage, redistributes food, does not affect taste, and adds income by contributing to local decentralized transport. Food aid is a good temporary intervention, but cash aid should be used in the long term.

中文翻译:

粮食援助:陷阱和潜力

本文提出的问题是,是否有可能使用粮食援助来满足短期需求,同时支持而不是破坏在家庭和国家层面实现自力更生的长期目标。通常要么牺牲某种程度的自力更生,要么人们会营养不良。粮食援助可用于为低收入家庭创造就业机会(以工换粮计划),在短缺期间通过增加供应来降低粮食价格,并可作为直接权利提供给目标群体。食物在分娩后会发生什么变化很重要:通常它会流向没有针对性的家庭成员。其他因素(例如麻疹)会影响营养状况。粮食援助通常必须持续很长时间,以避免营养退化。使用食物的分配阶段很重要;例如 麻疹流行可能会影响消费但不会影响食物供应,或者目标不明确可能会使不需要它的家庭受益。补充行动可能会改善条件;例如,如果出售食品,增加收入会改善情况。食品供应的一个问题是当地价格下跌,减少了当地生产食品的动力。大多数粮食援助不会增加需求,事实上,如果影响是改变口味,偏离当地产品,需求可能会减少。对需求的影响取决于援助计划的类型、时间和持续时间以及项目的地点。大多数目标可以通过使用现金援助更好地实现,这会促进而不是削弱当地食品生产者的激励,减少运输和储存,重新分配食品,不影响口味,并通过促进当地分散的运输来增加收入。粮食援助是一种很好的临时干预措施,但应长期使用现金援助。
更新日期:1986-11-01
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