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Phytosterols, phytostanols, and their conjugates in foods: structural diversity, quantitative analysis, and health-promoting uses.
Progress in Lipid Research ( IF 13.6 ) Pub Date : 2002-08-10 , DOI: 10.1016/s0163-7827(02)00006-1
Robert A Moreau 1 , Bruce D Whitaker , Kevin B Hicks
Affiliation  

Phytosterols (plant sterols) are triterpenes that are important structural components of plant membranes, and free phytosterols serve to stabilize phospholipid bilayers in plant cell membranes just as cholesterol does in animal cell membranes. Most phytosterols contain 28 or 29 carbons and one or two carbon-carbon double bonds, typically one in the sterol nucleus and sometimes a second in the alkyl side chain. Phytostanols are a fully-saturated subgroup of phytosterols (contain no double bonds). Phytostanols occur in trace levels in many plant species and they occur in high levels in tissues of only in a few cereal species. Phytosterols can be converted to phytostanols by chemical hydrogenation. More than 200 different types of phytosterols have been reported in plant species. In addition to the free form, phytosterols occur as four types of "conjugates," in which the 3beta-OH group is esterified to a fatty acid or a hydroxycinnamic acid, or glycosylated with a hexose (usually glucose) or a 6-fatty-acyl hexose. The most popular methods for phytosterol analysis involve hydrolysis of the esters (and sometimes the glycosides) and capillary GLC of the total phytosterols, either in the free form or as TMS or acetylated derivatives. Several alternative methods have been reported for analysis of free phytosterols and intact phytosteryl conjugates. Phytosterols and phytostanols have received much attention in the last five years because of their cholesterol-lowering properties. Early phytosterol-enriched products contained free phytosterols and relatively large dosages were required to significantly lower serum cholesterol. In the last several years two spreads, one containing phytostanyl fatty-acid esters and the other phytosteryl fatty-acid esters, have been commercialized and were shown to significantly lower serum cholesterol at dosages of 1-3 g per day. The popularity of these products has caused the medical and biochemical community to focus much attention on phytosterols and consequently research activity on phytosterols has increased dramatically.

中文翻译:

食品中的植物甾醇,植物甾烷醇及其结合物:结构多样性,定量分析和促进健康的用途。

植物固醇(植物固醇)是三萜烯,是植物膜的重要结构成分,而游离的植物固醇可以稳定植物细胞膜中的磷脂双层,就像胆固醇在动物细胞膜中一样。大多数植物甾醇含有28或29个碳原子和一个或两个碳-碳双键,通常一个在固醇核中,有时在烷基侧链中另一个。植物甾烷醇是植物甾醇的完全饱和子组(不包含双键)。植物甾烷醇在许多植物物种中均以痕量水平存在,仅在少数谷物物种的组织中以较高水平存在。植物甾醇可以通过化学氢化转化为植物甾烷醇。在植物物种中已报告了200多种不同类型的植物甾醇。除自由形式外,植物甾醇还以“ 其中一种含有植物甾烷醇脂肪酸酯,另一种含有植物甾醇脂肪酸酯,已经商品化,并显示出以每天1-3 g的剂量显着降低血清胆固醇。这些产品的普及使医学和生物化学界将注意力集中在植物甾醇上,因此对植物甾醇的研究活动急剧增加。
更新日期:2019-11-01
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