The effects of exposure to sediment-associated tri-n-butyltin chloride (TBT) and triphenyltin chloride (TPhT) were examined in the euryhaline European flounder, Platichthys flesus (L.). The effects were quantified by measuring the changes in sodium efflux, Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity and the numbers, areas and distribution of chloride cells in the gills of freshwater-adapted fish, following a rapid transfer to seawater. After transfer, the Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity and the sodium efflux significantly increased in both the TPhT and control groups but not in the TBT group. However, Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity and the sodium efflux in the TPhT group had returned to pre-salinity transfer levels by day 15 after the initial exposure to TPhT. Morphological changes in the numbers and areas of chloride cells, known to be associated with seawater adaptation, took place in the control group, i.e. there was a significant reduction in the number of lamellar chloride cells accompanied by an increase in the number of interlamellar chloride cells. There was a reduction in the numbers of lamellar chloride cells in the TBT-exposed group following transfer to seawater but the mean number was significantly higher than the control group by the end of the experiment. In the TPhT-exposed group, the reduction was not significantly different to that seen in the control group. By the end of the experiment, both organotin-exposed groups had significantly lower mean numbers of interlamellar chloride cells than the control group. Before transfer to seawater, the mean areas of lamellar and interlamellar chloride cells of all three groups were not significantly different. On transfer, the mean areas of lamellar chloride cells in the control group became significantly smaller than the mean areas of the organotin groups. There was no significant difference in the mean areas of interlamellar chloride cells in the control and TBT groups between the start and finish of the experiment but there was a significant increase in the mean area of TPhT-treated animals at the end of the experiment when compared to the control group. The results presented in this study lead to the conclusion that tri-n-butyltin chloride and triphenyltin chloride in sediments are capable of significantly disrupting both the physiological as well as morphological components of ionic regulatory functions of an estuarine fish, at concentrations currently found in estuarine sediments.

中文翻译：

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沉积物相关的三有机锡化合物对欧洲比目鱼鳃的影响 Platichthys flesus (L.)

在广盐性欧洲比目鱼 Platichthys flesus (L.) 中检查了与沉积物相关的三正丁基氯化锡 (TBT) 和三苯基氯化锡 (TPhT) 的影响。通过测量钠流出、Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase 活性的变化以及淡水适应鱼鳃中氯细胞的数量、面积和分布，在快速转移到海水后，量化这些影响。转移后，TPhT 组和对照组的 Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase 活性和钠外流显着增加，但 TBT 组没有。然而，TPhT 组中的 Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase 活性和钠流出量在最初接触 TPhT 后第 15 天恢复到盐分转移前的水平。已知与海水适应有关的氯细胞数量和面积的形态变化，发生在对照组中，即层状氯细胞数量显着减少，同时层间氯细胞数量增加。转移到海水后，TBT 暴露组中层状氯化物细胞的数量有所减少，但到实验结束时，平均数量明显高于对照组。在 TPhT 暴露组中，减少与对照组中观察到的减少没有显着差异。到实验结束时，两个有机锡暴露组的层间氯细胞平均数显着低于对照组。在转移到海水之前，所有三组的层状和层间氯化物细胞的平均面积没有显着差异。转会时，对照组中层状氯化物细胞的平均面积明显小于有机锡组的平均面积。实验开始和结束时，对照组和 TBT 组的层间氯细胞平均面积没有显着差异，但与 TPhT 处理的动物相比，实验结束时 TPhT 处理的动物的平均面积显着增加到对照组。本研究中提出的结果得出的结论是，沉积物中的三正丁基氯化锡和氯化三苯基锡能够显着破坏河口鱼离子调节功能的生理和形态成分，目前在河口中发现的浓度沉积物。