Increasing focus on issues of research reproducibility affords us the opportunity to review some of the key issues related in vivo research. First, we set out some key definitions, to guide the reader through the rest of the paper. Next we consider issues of epistemology, of how animal experiments lead to changes in our understanding of biomedicine and, potentially, to the development of new therapeutics. Here we consider the meaning of statistical significance; the importance of understanding whether findings have general truth; and the advances in knowledge which can result from 'failed' replication. Then, we consider weaknesses in the design, conduct and reporting of experiments, and review evidence for this from systematic reviews and from experimental studies addressing these issues. We consider the impact that these weaknesses have on the development of new treatments for human disease, and reflect on the response to these issues from the biomedical research community. Finally, we consider strategies for improvement including increased use of brief, pre-registered study protocols; pre-registration, open publication and open data; and the central importance of education in improving research performance.

中文翻译：

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基于动物的研究中的可重复性和严格性。

对研究可重复性问题的日益关注为我们提供了审查一些与体内研究有关的关键问题的机会。首先，我们列出一些关键定义，以指导读者阅读本文的其余部分。接下来，我们考虑认识论的问题，动物实验如何导致我们对生物医学的理解发生变化，以及可能导致新疗法的发展。这里我们考虑统计意义的含义；了解发现是否具有普遍真理的重要性；以及“失败”复制可能导致的知识进步。然后，我们考虑了实验设计，实施和报告中的弱点，并从系统评价和针对这些问题的实验研究中回顾了证据。我们考虑了这些弱点对开发人类疾病新疗法的影响，并反思了生物医学研究界对这些问题的反应。最后，我们考虑改善策略，包括增加使用简短的，预先注册的研究方案；预注册，公开发布和公开数据；以及教育在提高研究绩效方面的核心重要性。