In recent years, imaging has given a fundamental contribution to our understanding of the pathophysiology of acute lung diseases. Several methods have been developed based on computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET), and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging that allow regional, in vivo measurement of variables such as lung strain, alveolar size, metabolic activity of inflammatory cells, ventilation, and perfusion. Because several of these methods are noninvasive, they can be successfully translated from animal models to patients. The aim of this paper is to review the advances in knowledge that have been accrued with these imaging modalities on the pathophysiology of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI), asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

中文翻译：

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肺部的窗口：分子影像学作为解剖急性肺部疾病病理生理机制的工具。

近年来，影像学为我们对急性肺部疾病的病理生理学的理解做出了根本性贡献。基于计算机断层扫描（CT），正电子发射断层扫描（PET）和磁共振（MR）成像技术，已经开发出了几种方法，可以进行区域，体内测量变量，例如肺部应变，肺泡大小，炎症细胞的代谢活性，通风和灌注。由于这些方法中的几种是非侵入性的，因此可以成功地将它们从动物模型转换为患者。本文的目的是回顾这些影像学方法在急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS），呼吸机诱发的肺损伤（VILI），哮喘和慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）的病理生理学方面积累的知识进展。