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Standing orientation and behaviour of goats during short-haul road transportation
Small Ruminant Research ( IF 1.8 ) Pub Date : 2001-07-01 , DOI: 10.1016/s0921-4488(01)00187-0
K S. Das 1 , B B. Srivastava , N Das
Affiliation  

A field study was conducted to observe the standing orientation and behaviour among a group of meat type goats during transit by road. Randomly selected goats were observed from 10 runs (10 goats per run) carried out on the same road and the duration of each run was about 50min. Two observers stood on the deck of the truck and each noted the ongoing activities of five animals. The most frequent standing orientation adopted by goats was parallel to the truck's direction of travel (24.7+/-2.1min) followed by diagonal orientation (11.9+/-1.6min) and perpendicular orientation (9.1+/-1.4min) during the 50min road journey. The goats were not observed to orient themselves opposite to the truck's direction of travel. Although, the animals changed their orientation frequently, apparently to maintain balance, there was a clear bias against the perpendicular and diagonal orientations. Mean frequencies for the various behaviours were: bleating (1.3), jumping (0.7), pushing (0.9), fighting (0.7), falling (3.1), urination (0.5), defecation (0.3) and rumination (0.1). Jumping and bleating mostly occurred at the start of the journey.Virtually all fallings were associated with the driver's changing speed of vehicle by braking (43.4%), cornering (32.4%), speed bump (12.3%) and acceleration (11.9%). These falls, which hamper the well being of animals in transit and are also responsible for bruising which can be prevented by careful driving and by adjusting the speed of the vehicle gradually.

中文翻译:

短途公路运输中山羊的站立方向和行为

进行了一项实地研究,以观察一组肉用山羊在公路运输过程中的站立方向和行为。从在同一条道路上进行的 10 次跑步(每次跑步 10 只山羊)中观察随机选择的山羊,每次跑步的持续时间约为 50 分钟。两名观察员站在卡车的甲板上,每人都注意到五只动物正在进行的活动。山羊最常见的站立方向是平行于卡车的行驶方向(24.7+/-2.1 分钟),其次是在 50 分钟内对角方向(11.9+/-1.6 分钟)和垂直方向(9.1+/-1.4 分钟)公路旅行。没有观察到山羊的方向与卡车的行驶方向相反。虽然,动物们经常改变方向,显然是为了保持平衡,对垂直和对角线方向存在明显偏见。各种行为的平均频率为:叫声 (1.3)、跳跃 (0.7)、推动 (0.9)、打架 (0.7)、跌倒 (3.1)、排尿 (0.5)、排便 (0.3) 和反刍 (0.1)。跳跃和嗡嗡声主要发生在旅程的开始。几乎所有的跌倒都与驾驶员通过制动(43.4%)、转弯(32.4%)、减速带(12.3%)和加速(11.9%)改变车辆速度有关。这些跌倒会妨碍运输途中动物的健康,也会造成瘀伤,这可以通过小心驾驶和逐渐调节车速来预防。排尿 (0.5)、排便 (0.3) 和反刍 (0.1)。跳跃和嗡嗡声主要发生在旅程的开始。几乎所有的跌倒都与驾驶员通过制动(43.4%)、转弯(32.4%)、减速带(12.3%)和加速(11.9%)改变车辆速度有关。这些跌倒会妨碍运输途中动物的健康,也会造成瘀伤,这可以通过小心驾驶和逐渐调节车速来预防。排尿 (0.5)、排便 (0.3) 和反刍 (0.1)。跳跃和嗡嗡声主要发生在旅程的开始。几乎所有的跌倒都与驾驶员通过制动(43.4%)、转弯(32.4%)、减速带(12.3%)和加速(11.9%)改变车辆速度有关。这些跌倒会妨碍运输途中动物的健康,也会造成瘀伤,这可以通过小心驾驶和逐渐调节车速来预防。
更新日期:2001-07-01
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