Background: Vitamin and mineral deficiencies are prevalent globally, and extensive efforts have been made to assess their status. Most traditional methods are expensive and time-consuming; therefore, developments of rapid, simple, specific, and sensitive methods for the assessment of vitamins and minerals in biological samples are of high importance in research. Aptamers are synthetic nucleic acid single-stranded DNA or RNA that can be synthesized in vitro. They can be engineered to be analyte-specific and have been suggested as a substitute for monoclonal antibodies, due to their high sensitivity and affinity. In addition, aptamers can be chemically synthesized and readily modified for use as biosensors. These features make aptamers a promising tool for the detection of biological analytes. In this review, we provide an overview of the potential use of aptamer-based biosensors.Methods: Search terms were conducted on several online databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct from January 2000 to August 2019. Eligibility criteria were used and quality evaluation was performed. Following the review of 4349 articles, 39 articles met the inclusion criteria.Results: Aptasensors have recently been developed for the detection of vitamins by using optical methods, with a detection range from 74 pM to 204 pM, and lower limit of detection of 2.4 pM. Both electrochemical and optical methods have been used for detection of minerals, however electrochemical methods show a wider linear range and lower detection limits compared to optical methods with a wide linear range from 0.2 fM to 1.0 mM and limit of detection of 14.7 fM.Conclusion: The current report reviews recent developments in aptamer-based biosensors for detection of vitamins and minerals. Studies have shown that aptasensors' properties are suitable for the quantification of vitamins and minerals with high sensitivity, affinity, and specificity. Nevertheless, the limitations and future directions of aptamers require further research and new technological innovation.

中文翻译：

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适体作为检测维生素和矿物质的潜在识别元素：系统且严格的审查。

背景：维生素和矿物质缺乏症在全球范围内普遍存在，并且已经进行了广泛的努力来评估其状况。大多数传统方法既昂贵又费时；因此，开发快速，简单，特异和敏感的方法来评估生物样品中的维生素和矿物质在研究中非常重要。适体是可以在体外合成的合成核酸单链DNA或RNA。由于它们的高灵敏度和亲和力，它们可以被设计为分析物特异性的，并已被建议替代单克隆抗体。另外，适体可以化学合成并易于修饰以用作生物传感器。这些特征使适体成为检测生物分析物的有前途的工具。在这篇评论中 方法：在2000年1月至2019年8月期间，在多个在线数据库（包括Google Scholar，PubMed，Scopus和Science Direct）上进行了搜索词。使用了资格标准和质量评估被执行了。经过对4349篇文章的审阅，有39篇文章符合纳入标准。结果：最近开发了用于光学检测维生素的Aptasensors，检测范围为74 pM至204 pM，检测下限为2.4 pM 。电化学方法和光学方法都已用于矿物的检测，但是与光学方法相比，电化学方法显示出更宽的线性范围和更低的检出限，光学方法具有0.2 fM至1.0 mM的宽线性范围和14.7 fM的检出限。本报告回顾了用于检测维生素和矿物质的基于适体的生物传感器的最新进展。研究表明，aptasensors的特性适合以高灵敏度，亲和力和特异性对维生素和矿物质进行定量。然而，适体的局限性和未来方向需要进一步的研究和新技术的创新。