Research on plant three-dimensional (3D) genome architecture made rapid progress over the past 5 years. Numerous Hi-C interaction data sets were generated in a wide range of plant species, allowing for a comprehensive overview on 3D chromosome folding principles in the plant kingdom. Plants lack important genes reported to be vital for chromosome folding in animals. However, similar 3D structures such as topologically associating domains and chromatin loops were identified. Recent studies in Arabidopsis thaliana revealed how chromosomal regions are positioned within the nucleus by determining their association with both, the nuclear periphery and the nucleolus. Additionally, many plant species exhibit high-frequency interactions among KNOT entangled elements, which are associated with safeguarding the genome from invasive DNA elements. Many of the recently published Hi-C data sets were generated to aid de novo genome assembly and remain to date little explored. These data sets represent a valuable resource for future comparative studies, which may lead to a more profound understanding of the evolution of 3D chromosome organization in plants.

中文翻译：

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开花植物中的三维染色体组织。

在过去的5年中，植物三维（3D）基因组架构的研究取得了飞速的进展。在各种各样的植物物种中生成了许多Hi-C交互作用数据集，从而可以全面了解植物界中的3D染色体折叠原理。植物缺乏重要的基因，据报道对动物的染色体折叠至关重要。但是，已识别出类似的3D结构，例如拓扑关联的域和染色质环。拟南芥中的最新研究通过确定染色体区域与核外围和核仁的关联，揭示了染色体区域如何位于核内。此外，许多植物物种在KNOT纠缠元件之间表现出高频相互作用，这与保护基因组免受入侵性DNA元件有关。生成了许多最近发布的Hi-C数据集，以帮助从头进行基因组组装，并且迄今仍未进行任何探索。这些数据集为将来的比较研究提供了宝贵的资源，这可能导致人们对植物中3D染色体组织的进化有更深刻的了解。