Transgenic technologies have emerged as a powerful tool for crop improvement in terms of yield, quality, and quantity in many countries of the world. However, concerns also exist about the possible risks involved in transgenic crop cultivation. In this review, literature is analyzed to gauge the real intensity of the issues caused by environmental stresses in Pakistan. In addition, the research work on genetically modified organisms (GMOs) development and their performance is analyzed to serve as a guide for the scientists to help them select useful genes for crop transformation in Pakistan. The funding of GMOs research in Pakistan shows that it does not follow the global trend. We also present socio-economic impact of GM crops and political dimensions in the seed sector and the policies of the government. We envisage that this review provides guidelines for public and private sectors as well as the policy makers in Pakistan and in other countries that face similar environmental threats posed by the changing climate.

中文翻译：

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巴基斯坦用于农业改良的转基因作物：环境压力和转基因作物当前状况的视角。

在世界许多国家，转基因技术已成为提高产量，质量和数量的一种强有力的农作物改良工具。但是，人们也担心转基因作物种植可能涉及的风险。在这篇综述中，对文献进行了分析，以评估巴基斯坦环境压力引起的问题的真实强度。此外，对转基因生物（GMOs）的发育及其性能的研究工作也进行了分析，以为科学家提供指导，帮助他们选择在巴基斯坦进行作物转化的有用基因。巴基斯坦对转基因生物的研究资金表明，它不符合全球趋势。我们还介绍了转基因作物的社会经济影响以及种子部门和政府政策的政治影响。