Purified rubber particles from Hevea brasiliensis (Brazilian rubber tree), Parthenium argentatum (guayule), Ficus elastica (Indian rubber tree), and Euphorbia lactiflua were examined and compared using conventional scanning electron microscopy (SEM), field‐emission SEM, cryo‐SEM, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Rubber particles of all four species were spherical; they varied in size and had a uniform homogeneous material, the rubber core, surrounded by a contiguous monolayer (half‐unit) membrane. Frozen‐hydrated and/or untreated particles from H. brasiliensis and P. argentatum deformed and fused readily, whereas those from F. elastica and E. lactiflua retained their spherical shapes. These results indicate that the surface components of the H. brasiliensis and P. argentatum particles are more fluid than those of F. elastica or E. lactiflua. When fixed in aldehyde, F. elastica particles retained their spherical exterior shapes but had hollow centers, whereas H. brasiliensis and P. argentatum particles completely collapsed. In aldehyde–osmium tetroxide–fixed material, the rubber core of F. elastica was poorly preserved in some particles in which only a small amount of the rubber core remained adhering to the monolayer membrane, leaving a hollow center. Euphorbia lactiflua particles were well preserved in terms of retaining the rubber core; however, the membrane was not as easily discernible as it was in the other three species. Both H. brasiliensis and P. argentatum were well preserved following fixation; their cores remained filled with rubber, and their monolayer membranes were defined. The addition of potassium permanganate to the fixation‐staining regime resulted in higher‐contrast micrographs and more well defined monolayer membranes.

中文翻译：

---

纯化橡胶颗粒的微观结构

使用常规扫描电子显微镜 (SEM)、场发射 SEM、冷冻 SEM 检查和比较了来自巴西橡胶树 (巴西橡胶树)、银白菊 (银胶菊)、榕树 (印度橡胶树) 和大戟的纯化橡胶颗粒和透射电子显微镜 (TEM)。四种橡胶颗粒均呈球形；它们的尺寸各不相同，并具有均匀的均质材料，即橡胶芯，周围环绕着连续的单层（半单元）膜。来自 H. brasiliensis 和 P. argentatum 的冷冻水合和/或未经处理的颗粒容易变形和融合，而来自 F. elastica 和 E. lactiflua 的颗粒保持其球形。这些结果表明 H. brasiliensis 和 P. argentatum 颗粒的表面成分比 F. elastica 或 E. argentatum 颗粒的流动性更强。乳杆菌。当固定在醛中时，弹性 F. elastica 颗粒保留其球形外部形状但中心空心，而 H. brasiliensis 和 P. argentatum 颗粒完全坍塌。在醛-四氧化锇固定的材料中，F. elastica的橡胶核在一些颗粒中保存不佳，其中只有少量橡胶核仍然粘附在单层膜上，留下一个空心的中心。大戟颗粒在保留胶芯方面保存较好；然而，这种膜不像其他三个物种那样容易辨别。H. brasiliensis 和 P. argentatum 固定后均保存完好；它们的核心仍​​然充满橡胶，并且定义了它们的单层膜。