Plant invasion by Neotropical Melastomataceae is prominent in Hawaii. To understand life history traits of four successful invasive Melastomataceae, two shade‐intolerant herbs (Arthrostema ciliatum and Tibouchina herbacea) and two shade‐tolerant woody species (Clidemia hirta, a shrub, and Miconia calvescens, a tree) were subjected to three light levels and two watering regimes in a greenhouse. Plant height, leaf number and area, biomass allocation, relative growth rate (RGR), carbon assimilation (A), leaf nutrient content, leaf construction costs (CC), specific leaf mass (SLM), and leaf spectral properties were determined at the end of the experimental period. Plant size, total biomass, RGR, A, CC, and SLM decreased, whereas leaf light transmittance and leaf N increased under low light in all species. The effects of water stress were weaker than light‐stress effects. Relative growth rate of herbs grown in sun and partial shade (0.046 and 0.033 g g−1 d−1, respectively) was higher than in the woody species (0.027 and 0.020 g g−1 d−1). Woody species allocated more biomass to leaf production than herbs, which allocated more biomass to stem production. Shade increased allocation of biomass to leaves, and water stress increased the root‐shoot ratio in all species. Partial shade increased leaf area ratios more in the herbs (140%) than in woody species (68%). Miconia calvescens and C. hirta had higher leaf absorbance (92%) than both herbs (79%). Maximum A under all light treatments was similar in all species, and there was substantial acclimation to the different light levels. Leaf construction cost was higher in the apparently long‐lived leaves of the woody species. Relative growth rate, carbon allocation, and SLM showed larger changes to light and water stress than A and related photosynthetic parameters. All species showed responses qualitatively similar to those of other tropical species including the high acclimation potential to light, but the herbs exhibited the largest quantitative responses. When compared with a large group of native species, the four melastomes appear to be better suited to capture and use light, which is consistent with their rapid spread in mesic and disturbed Hawaiian environments.

中文翻译：

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夏威夷群岛四种入侵性黄花科植物对光和水可用性的响应

在夏威夷，新热带 Melastomataceae 的植物入侵很突出。为了了解四种成功入侵的 Melastomataceae 的生活史特征，将两种不耐阴草本植物（Arthostema ciliatum 和 Tibouchina herbacea）和两种耐阴木本植物（Clidemia hirta，一种灌木和 Miconia calvescens，一种树木）置于三个光照水平下和温室中的两种浇水制度。株高、叶数和面积、生物量分配、相对生长率 (RGR)、碳同化 (A)、叶养分含量、叶构建成本 (CC)、比叶质量 (SLM) 和叶光谱特性在实验期结束。植物大小、总生物量、RGR、A、CC 和 SLM 降低，而所有物种的叶片透光率和叶片 N 在弱光下增加。水分胁迫的影响弱于光胁迫的影响。在阳光和部分遮荫下生长的草本植物的相对生长率（分别为 0.046 和 0.033 gg-1 d-1）高于木本植物（0.027 和 0.020 gg-1 d-1）。与草本植物相比，木本植物为叶片生产分配了更多的生物量，后者为茎生产分配了更多的生物量。遮荫增加了生物量对叶子的分配，水分胁迫增加了所有物种的根茎比。部分遮荫使草本植物 (140%) 的叶面积比增加更多，而不是木本植物 (68%)。Miconia calvescens 和 C. hirta 的叶子吸光度 (92%) 高于这两种草本植物 (79%)。所有光照处理下的最大 A 在所有物种中都相似，并且对不同的光照水平有实质性的适应。木本植物明显寿命较长的叶片的叶片构建成本较高。相对生长率、碳分配和 SLM 显示出比 A 和相关光合参数更大的光照和水分胁迫变化。所有物种都表现出与其他热带物种在性质上相似的反应，包括对光的高度适应潜力，但草药表现出最大的定量反应。与一大群本地物种相比，这四种 melastome 似乎更适合捕捉和利用光，这与它们在微弱和受干扰的夏威夷环境中的快速传播是一致的。所有物种都表现出与其他热带物种在性质上相似的反应，包括对光的高度适应潜力，但草药表现出最大的定量反应。与一大群本地物种相比，这四种 melastome 似乎更适合捕捉和利用光，这与它们在微弱和受干扰的夏威夷环境中的快速传播是一致的。所有物种都表现出与其他热带物种在性质上相似的反应，包括对光的高度适应潜力，但草药表现出最大的定量反应。与一大群本地物种相比，这四种 melastome 似乎更适合捕捉和利用光，这与它们在微弱和受干扰的夏威夷环境中的快速传播是一致的。