Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) aims to elucidate mechanisms by which the immune system can influence behavior. Given the complexity of the brain, studies using inbred rodents have shed critical insight into the presumed vagaries of the human condition. This is particularly true for stress modeling where adverse stimuli, conditions and/or interactions elicit patterned behavioral reactions that can translate across species. As example, sickness behaviors are as easily recognized in mice as they are in humans, and a family pet. Recently, nutrition has gained prominence as a regulator of brain function. Once perceived as mostly a peripheral player, except when manifest at extremes such as starvation or gluttony, nutritional and/or metabolic stress is now recognized as a worrisome contributor to poor mental health especially in those who suffer from food insecurity or overnutrition. In this review, we will explore emerging areas of rodent research that demonstrate the impact of nutritional status on the stressed brain. Our overall goal is to implicate inflammasome activation as a critical convergence point for stress and nutritional dysregulation. In doing so, we will present results from studies focused on macronutrient, micronutrient and dietary bioactives so as to encourage innovative investigation into the emerging field of nutritional PNI.

心理神经免疫学（PNI）旨在阐明免疫系统可影响行为的机制。考虑到大脑的复杂性，使用近交啮齿类动物进行的研究对推测的人为状况造成了严重的洞察。对于逆境刺激，条件和/或相互作用引起可在物种间转化的模式化行为反应的压力建模尤其如此。例如，疾病行为在小鼠中以及在人类和家庭宠物中都容易识别。最近，营养作为脑功能的调节剂而受到重视。一旦被视为主要是外围玩家，除非出现饥饿或暴食等极端情况，现在，人们已经认识到营养和/或代谢压力是导致精神健康不良的令人担忧的原因，特别是在那些遭受粮食不安全或营养不良的人中。在这篇综述中，我们将探索啮齿动物研究的新兴领域，这些领域证明了营养状况对紧张的大脑的影响。我们的总体目标是将炎症小体激活作为压力和营养失调的关键收敛点。在此过程中，我们将介绍针对大量营养素，微量营养素和饮食生物活性物质的研究结果，以鼓励对营养PNI新兴领域进行创新研究。我们的总体目标是将炎症小体激活作为压力和营养失调的关键收敛点。在这样做的过程中，我们将介绍针对大量营养素，微量营养素和饮食生物活性物质的研究结果，以鼓励对营养PNI新兴领域进行创新性研究。我们的总体目标是将炎症小体激活作为压力和营养失调的关键收敛点。在此过程中，我们将介绍针对大量营养素，微量营养素和饮食生物活性物质的研究结果，以鼓励对营养PNI新兴领域进行创新研究。