Local anesthetics are the only class of drugs that can block transduction and transmission of nociception. Physical properties, mechanism of action, and pharmacokinetics of this class of drugs are reviewed in this article. The clinical use, such intravenous administration of lidocaine, and local and systemic toxic effects are covered. A review of current studies published in the human and veterinary literature on lidocaine patches (Lidoderm) and liposomal bupivacaine (Experal and Nocita) are discussed.

中文翻译：

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局部麻醉药：药理学和特殊制剂。

局部麻醉药是唯一可以阻止伤害性感受性传导和传递的药物。本文对这类药物的物理性质，作用机理和药代动力学进行了综述。涵盖了利多卡因的静脉内给药等临床用途以及局部和全身毒性作用。讨论了在人类和兽医学文献中发表的有关利多卡因贴片（Lidoderm）和脂质体布比卡因（Experal和Nocita）的最新研究综述。