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Gesture-Speech Mismatch and Mechanisms of Learning: What the Hands Reveal about a Child′s State of Mind
Cognitive Psychology ( IF 2.6 ) Pub Date : 1993-10-01 , DOI: 10.1006/cogp.1993.1012
M W Alibali 1 , S Goldin-Meadow
Affiliation  

Previous work has shown that, when asked to explain a concept they are acquiring, children often convey one procedure in speech and a different procedure in gesture. Such children, whom we label "discordant," have been shown to be in a transitional state in the sense that they are particularly receptive to instruction--indeed more receptive to instruction than "concordant" children, who convey the same procedure in speech and gesture. This study asks whether the discordant state is transitional, not only in the sense that it predicts receptivity to instruction, but also in the sense that it is both preceded and followed by a concordant state. To address this question, children were asked to solve and explain a series of problems instantiating the concept of mathematical equivalence. The relationship between gesture and speech in each explanation was monitored over the series. We found that the majority of children who learned to correctly solve equivalence problems did so by adhering to the hypothesized path: They first produced a single, incorrect procedure. They then entered a discordant state in which they produced different procedures--one in speech and another in gesture. Finally, they again produced a single procedure, but this time a correct one. These data support the notion that the transitional state is characterized by the concurrent activation of more than one procedure, and provide further evidence that gesture can be a powerful source of insight into the processes involved in cognitive development.

中文翻译:

手势-语音不匹配和学习机制:手揭示了儿童的心理状态

以前的工作表明,当要求孩子解释他们正在获得的概念时,儿童通常会在言语中表达一种程序,而在手势中表达不同的程序。这些被我们贴上“不和谐”标签的孩子已经被证明处于过渡状态,因为他们特别容易接受指导——确实比“和谐”的孩子更容易接受指导,后者在言语和语言上表达相同的程序。手势。本研究询问不一致状态是否是过渡状态,不仅在它预测对指令的接受度的意义上,而且在它之前和之后都是一致状态的意义上。为了解决这个问题,孩子们被要求解决和解释一系列实例化数学等价概念的问题。在整个系列中监测每个解释中手势和语音之间的关系。我们发现,大多数学会正确解决等价问题的孩子都是通过遵循假设的路径做到的:他们首先产生了一个单一的、不正确的程序。然后他们进入了一种不和谐的状态,在这种状态下他们产生了不同的程序——一个是语言,另一个是手势。最后,他们再次制作了一个程序,但这次是正确的。这些数据支持这样一种观点,即过渡状态的特点是同时激活多个程序,并进一步证明手势可以成为洞察认知发展过程的有力来源。我们发现,大多数学会正确解决等价问题的孩子都是通过遵循假设的路径做到的:他们首先产生了一个单一的、不正确的程序。然后他们进入了一种不和谐的状态,在这种状态下他们产生了不同的程序——一个是语言,另一个是手势。最后,他们再次制作了一个程序,但这次是正确的。这些数据支持这样一种观点,即过渡状态的特点是同时激活多个程序,并进一步证明手势可以成为洞察认知发展过程的有力来源。我们发现,大多数学会正确解决等价问题的孩子都是通过遵循假设的路径做到的:他们首先产生了一个单一的、不正确的程序。然后他们进入了一种不和谐的状态,在这种状态下他们产生了不同的程序——一个是语言,另一个是手势。最后,他们再次制作了一个程序,但这次是正确的。这些数据支持这样一种观点,即过渡状态的特点是同时激活多个程序,并进一步证明手势可以成为洞察认知发展过程的有力来源。然后他们进入了一种不和谐的状态,在这种状态下他们产生了不同的程序——一个是语言,另一个是手势。最后,他们再次制作了一个程序,但这次是正确的。这些数据支持这样一种观点,即过渡状态的特点是同时激活多个程序,并进一步证明手势可以成为深入了解认知发展过程的有力来源。然后他们进入了一种不和谐的状态,在这种状态下他们产生了不同的程序——一个是语言,另一个是手势。最后,他们再次制作了一个程序,但这次是正确的。这些数据支持这样一种观点,即过渡状态的特点是同时激活多个程序,并进一步证明手势可以成为深入了解认知发展过程的有力来源。
更新日期:1993-10-01
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