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Developmental Changes in Task-Induced Brain Deactivation in Humans Revealed by a Motor Task.
Developmental Neurobiology ( IF 3 ) Pub Date : 2019-06-10 , DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22701
Tomoyo Morita 1, 2 , Minoru Asada 1, 2 , Eiichi Naito 2, 3
Affiliation  

Performing tasks activates relevant brain regions in adults while deactivating task‐irrelevant regions. Here, using a well‐controlled motor task, we explored how deactivation is shaped during typical human development and whether deactivation is related to task performance. Healthy right‐handed children (8–11 years), adolescents (12–15 years), and young adults (20–24 years; 20 per group) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging with their eyes closed while performing a repetitive button‐press task with their right index finger in synchronization with a 1‐Hz sound. Deactivation in the ipsilateral sensorimotor cortex (SM1), bilateral visual and auditory (cross‐modal) areas, and bilateral default mode network (DMN) progressed with development. Specifically, ipsilateral SM1 and lateral occipital deactivation progressed prominently between childhood and adolescence, while medial occipital (including primary visual) and DMN deactivation progressed from adolescence to adulthood. In adults, greater cross‐modal deactivation in the bilateral primary visual cortices was associated with higher button‐press timing accuracy relative to the sound. The region‐specific deactivation progression in a developmental period may underlie the gradual promotion of sensorimotor function segregation required in the task. Task‐induced deactivation might have physiological significance regarding suppressed activity in task‐irrelevant regions. Furthermore, cross‐modal deactivation develops to benefit some aspects of task performance in adults.

中文翻译:

运动任务揭示了人类任务诱发的大脑失活的发展变化。

执行任务会激活成年人的相关大脑区域,同时会停用任务无关的区域。在这里,我们使用一个控制良好的运动任务,探索了在典型的人类发展过程中停用是如何形成的,以及停用是否与任务绩效有关。健康的惯用右手的孩子(8-11岁),青少年(12-15岁)和年轻人(20-24岁;每组20个)在执行重复的按键操作时闭眼进行了功能磁共振成像用他们的右手食指与1 Hz的声音同步。随着发展,同侧感觉运动皮层(SM1),双侧视觉和听觉(跨模态)区域以及双侧默认模式网络(DMN)的失活进展。特别,在儿童和青春期之间,同侧SM1和外侧枕骨失活明显进展,而内侧枕骨(包括原发性视觉)和DMN失活则从青春期发展到成年。在成年人中,相对于声音,双侧初级视觉皮层中更大的交叉模态失活与更高的按钮按压定时精度有关。在发育期特定于区域的失活进展可能是逐步促进任务所需的感觉运动功能隔离的基础。任务诱导的失活可能对与任务无关的区域中抑制活动具有生理意义。此外,交叉模式的停用发展成对成年人任务执行的某些方面有利。而枕骨内侧(包括初级视觉)和DMN的失活则从青春期发展到成年。在成年人中,相对于声音,双侧初级视觉皮层中更大的交叉模态失活与更高的按钮按压定时精度有关。在发育期特定于区域的失活进展可能是逐步促进任务所需的感觉运动功能隔离的基础。任务诱导的失活可能对与任务无关的区域中抑制活动具有生理意义。此外,交叉模式的停用发展成对成年人任务执行的某些方面有利。而枕骨内侧(包括初级视觉)和DMN的失活则从青春期发展到成年。在成年人中,相对于声音,双侧初级视觉皮层中更大的交叉模态失活与更高的按钮按压定时精度有关。在发育期特定于区域的失活进展可能是逐步促进任务所需的感觉运动功能隔离的基础。任务诱导的失活可能对与任务无关的区域中抑制活动具有生理意义。此外,交叉模式的停用发展成对成年人任务执行的某些方面有利。相对于声音,双侧初级视觉皮层中更大的交叉模态失活与更高的按钮按压定时精度有关。在发育期特定于区域的失活进展可能是逐步促进任务所需的感觉运动功能隔离的基础。任务诱导的失活可能对与任务无关的区域中抑制活动具有生理意义。此外,交叉模式的停用发展成对成年人任务执行的某些方面有利。相对于声音,双侧初级视觉皮层中更大的交叉模态失活与更高的按钮按压定时精度有关。在发育期特定于区域的失活进展可能是逐步促进任务所需的感觉运动功能隔离的基础。任务诱导的失活可能对与任务无关的区域中抑制活动具有生理意义。此外,交叉模式的停用发展成对成年人任务执行的某些方面有利。
更新日期:2019-06-10
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