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Relationship Between Inactivation and Genome Damage of Human Enteroviruses Upon Treatment by UV254, Free Chlorine, and Ozone.
Food and Environmental Virology ( IF 3.4 ) Pub Date : 2019-10-29 , DOI: 10.1007/s12560-019-09411-2 Suzanne Young 1 , Jason Torrey 1 , Virginie Bachmann 1 , Tamar Kohn 1
Food and Environmental Virology ( IF 3.4 ) Pub Date : 2019-10-29 , DOI: 10.1007/s12560-019-09411-2 Suzanne Young 1 , Jason Torrey 1 , Virginie Bachmann 1 , Tamar Kohn 1
Affiliation
Quantitative PCR (qPCR) is a convenient tool for monitoring virus concentrations in water and wastewater treatment trains, though it only informs about virus presence, but not infectivity. This limitation can be overcome if the relationship between infectivity loss and genome decay induced by a given disinfectant is known. Here, we performed inactivation experiments using two human enteroviruses, Coxsackievirus B5 and Echovirus 11, with three disinfection methods: low-pressure ultraviolet light (UV254), free chlorine (FC), and ozone. We compared the inactivation rates as measured by culturing to the decay rates of the whole genome, to evaluate the extent of qPCR-measurable genome damage as a function of inactivation. To determine genome damage, we used an approach that estimates damage across the full viral genome from the measured decay of multiple amplicons distributed across the viral genome. Correlations between inactivation and genome decay were observed for all viruses and all disinfection treatments, but results showed that even among closely related viruses, disinfection methods can damage the viral genome to different extents and that genome damage does not necessarily translate to inactivation. For both viruses, UV254 treatment had the closest relationship between inactivation and genome decay and with ozone, the rate of genome decay exceeded the inactivation rate. Finally, for FC, the ratios between methods were vastly different between viruses. This work provides the basis to relate qPCR measurements to infectivity loss and enables the establishment of molecular monitoring tools for assessing enterovirus inactivation during disinfection treatments of water and wastewater.
中文翻译:
经UV254,游离氯和臭氧处理后人类肠道病毒灭活与基因组损伤之间的关系。
定量PCR(qPCR)是监视水和废水处理系统中病毒浓度的便捷工具,尽管它仅通知病毒存在,但不通知感染性。如果已知消毒剂引起的感染力丧失与基因组衰退之间的关系是已知的,则可以克服这一局限性。在这里,我们使用两种人肠病毒,柯萨奇病毒B5和回声病毒11以及三种消毒方法进行了灭活实验:低压紫外线(UV 254),游离氯(FC)和臭氧。我们比较了通过培养到整个基因组的衰变率而测得的失活率,以评估qPCR可测量的基因组损伤程度与失活的关系。为了确定基因组损伤,我们使用了一种方法,该方法根据跨病毒基因组分布的多个扩增子的测量衰减来估算整个病毒基因组的损伤。对于所有病毒和所有消毒处理,均观察到失活与基因组衰变之间的相关性,但结果表明,即使在密切相关的病毒中,消毒方法也可以在不同程度上破坏病毒基因组,而基因组破坏不一定转化为失活。对于两种病毒,UV 254处理与灭活和基因组衰变之间的关系最密切,而与臭氧作用相比,基因组的衰变速率超过了灭活速率。最后,对于FC,病毒之间方法之间的比例差异很大。这项工作提供了将qPCR测量与传染性丧失相关联的基础,并使能够建立分子监测工具来评估对水和废水进行消毒处理期间肠病毒的失活。
更新日期:2019-10-29
中文翻译:
经UV254,游离氯和臭氧处理后人类肠道病毒灭活与基因组损伤之间的关系。
定量PCR(qPCR)是监视水和废水处理系统中病毒浓度的便捷工具,尽管它仅通知病毒存在,但不通知感染性。如果已知消毒剂引起的感染力丧失与基因组衰退之间的关系是已知的,则可以克服这一局限性。在这里,我们使用两种人肠病毒,柯萨奇病毒B5和回声病毒11以及三种消毒方法进行了灭活实验:低压紫外线(UV 254),游离氯(FC)和臭氧。我们比较了通过培养到整个基因组的衰变率而测得的失活率,以评估qPCR可测量的基因组损伤程度与失活的关系。为了确定基因组损伤,我们使用了一种方法,该方法根据跨病毒基因组分布的多个扩增子的测量衰减来估算整个病毒基因组的损伤。对于所有病毒和所有消毒处理,均观察到失活与基因组衰变之间的相关性,但结果表明,即使在密切相关的病毒中,消毒方法也可以在不同程度上破坏病毒基因组,而基因组破坏不一定转化为失活。对于两种病毒,UV 254处理与灭活和基因组衰变之间的关系最密切,而与臭氧作用相比,基因组的衰变速率超过了灭活速率。最后,对于FC,病毒之间方法之间的比例差异很大。这项工作提供了将qPCR测量与传染性丧失相关联的基础,并使能够建立分子监测工具来评估对水和废水进行消毒处理期间肠病毒的失活。