Over a thousand Drosophila species have radiated onto a wide range of feeding and breeding sites. These radiations involve adaptations for locating, accepting, and growing in hosts with highly differing characteristics. In a number of species, owing to the availability of sequenced genomes, particular steps in host specialization and genes that control them, are being identified. Many cases of specialization involve the ability to detoxify some component of the host. Examples include Drosophila sechellia and the octanoic acid in Morinda citrifolia, alpha-amanitin in mycophagous drosophilids, and the alkaloids in cactophilic species. Owing to the known ecologies of many species for which genomes exist, the Drosophila model system provides an unprecedented opportunity to simultaneously examine the genes underlying HOST LOCATION, HOST ACCEPTANCE and HOST USE, the types of selection acting upon them and any coevolutionary interactions among the genes underlying these steps.

一千多种果蝇已辐射到广泛的觅食和繁殖场所。这些辐射涉及适应性，以在具有高度不同特征的宿主中定位，接受和生长。在许多物种中，由于测序基因组的可用性，正在鉴定宿主专业化的特定步骤和控制它们的基因。许多专业化案例都涉及对宿主某些成分进行排毒的能力。实例包括巴戟天的果蝇和辛酸，嗜食性果蝇中的α-阿马尼汀和嗜酸菌中的生物碱。由于存在基因组的许多物种的已知生态学，果蝇 模型系统提供了前所未有的机会，可以同时检查主机位置，主机接受和主机使用的基因，作用于它们的选择类型以及这些步骤所基于的基因之间的任何协同进化相互作用。