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Modeling of soft tissue thermal damage based on GPU acceleration.
Computer Assisted Surgery ( IF 2.1 ) Pub Date : 2019-07-24 , DOI: 10.1080/24699322.2018.1557891
Jinao Zhang 1 , Jeremy Hills 1 , Yongmin Zhong 1 , Bijan Shirinzadeh 2 , Julian Smith 3 , Chengfan Gu 4
Affiliation  

Hyperthermia treatments require precise control of thermal energy to form the coagulation zones which sufficiently cover the tumor without affecting surrounding healthy tissues. This has led modeling of soft tissue thermal damage to become important in hyperthermia treatments to completely eradicate tumors without inducing tissue damage to surrounding healthy tissues. This paper presents a methodology based on GPU acceleration for modeling and analysis of bio-heat conduction and associated thermal-induced tissue damage for prediction of soft tissue damage in thermal ablation, which is a typical hyperthermia therapy. The proposed methodology combines the Arrhenius Burn integration with Pennes’ bio-heat transfer for prediction of temperature field and thermal damage in soft tissues. The problem domain is spatially discretized on 3-D linear tetrahedral meshes by the Galerkin finite element method and temporally discretized by the explicit forward finite difference method. To address the expensive computation load involved in the finite element method, GPU acceleration is implemented using the High-Level Shader Language and achieved via a sequential execution of compute shaders in the GPU rendering pipeline. Simulations on a cube-shape specimen and comparison analysis with standalone CPU execution were conducted, demonstrating the proposed GPU-accelerated finite element method can effectively predict the temperature distribution and associated thermal damage in real time. Results show that the peak temperature is achieved at the heat source point and the variation of temperature is mainly dominated in its direct neighbourhood. It is also found that by the continuous application of point-source heat energy, the tissue at the heat source point is quickly necrotized in a matter of seconds, while the entire neighbouring tissues are fully necrotized in several minutes. Further, the proposed GPU acceleration significantly improves the computational performance for soft tissue thermal damage prediction, leading to a maximum reduction of 55.3 times in computation time comparing to standalone CPU execution.



中文翻译:

基于GPU加速的软组织热损伤建模。

热疗治疗需要精确控制热能,以形成足以覆盖肿瘤而不影响周围健康组织的凝血区。这已导致对软组织热损伤的建模在热疗治疗中变得很重要,以完全根除肿瘤而不会对周围的健康组织造成组织损伤。本文介绍了一种基于GPU加速的方法,用于对生物导热和相关的热诱导组织损伤进行建模和分析,以预测热消融中的软组织损伤,这是一种典型的高温疗法。所提出的方法将Arrhenius Burn积分与Pennes的生物传热结合在一起,用于预测软组织中的温度场和热损伤。通过Galerkin有限元方法将问题域在3-D线性四面体网格上进行空间离散,并通过显式正向有限差分方法在时间上进行离散。为了解决有限元方法中涉及的昂贵计算负担,GPU加速是使用高级着色器语言实现的,并通过在GPU渲染管道中顺序执行计算着色器来实现。进行了立方体形试样的仿真和独立CPU执行的比较分析,证明了所提出的GPU加速有限元方法可以有效地实时预测温度分布和相关的热损伤。结果表明,峰值温度是在热源点达到的,温度的变化主要在其直接附近。还发现通过连续施加点源热能,热源点处的组织在几秒钟内迅速坏死,而整个相邻组织在几分钟内被完全坏死。此外,建议的GPU加速显着改善了软组织热损伤预测的计算性能,与独立CPU执行相比,可最大减少55.3倍的计算时间。

更新日期:2019-07-24
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