Research using laboratory animals has been revolutionized by the creation of humanized animal models, which are immunodeficient animals engrafted with human cells, tissues, or organs. These animal models provide the research community a unique and promising opportunity to mimic a wide variety of disease conditions in humans, from infectious disease to cancer. A vast majority of these models are humanized mice like those injected with human CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells and patient-derived xenografts. With this technology comes the need for the animal research enterprise to understand the inherent and potential risks, such as exposure to bloodborne pathogens, associated with the model development and research applications. Here, we review existing humanized animal models and provide recommendations for their safe use based on regulatory framework and literature. A risk assessment program-from handling the human material to its administration to animals and animal housing-is a necessary initial step in mitigating risks associated with the use of humanized animals in research. Ultimately, establishing institutional policies and guidelines to ensure personnel safety is a legal and ethical responsibility of the research institution as part of the occupational health and safety program and overall animal care and use program.

中文翻译：

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与人性化动物一起工作时的安全注意事项。

通过创建人源化动物模型（使用人体细胞，组织或器官移植的免疫缺陷动物），对使用实验动物的研究进行了革新。这些动物模型为研究团体提供了一个独特而有前途的机会，可以模仿人类从传染病到癌症的多种疾病。这些模型中的绝大多数是人源化小鼠，例如注射了人CD34 +造血干细胞和患者来源的异种移植物的小鼠。借助这项技术，动物研究企业需要了解与模型开发和研究应用相关的内在和潜在风险，例如暴露于血源性病原体。这里，我们将审查现有的人性化动物模型，并根据监管框架和文献为安全使用提供建议。风险评估程序（从处理人类材料到向动物和动物圈舍给药）是减轻与研究中使用人性化动物相关的风险的必要的初始步骤。归根结底，作为职业健康与安全计划以及整体动物护理和使用计划的一部分，建立制度政策和指导方针以确保人员安全是研究机构的法律和道德责任。