Urogenital schistosomiasis is a chronic infection caused by the human blood fluke Schistosoma haematobium. Schistosomiasis haematobium is a known risk factor for cancer leading to squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder (SCC). This is a neglected tropical disease endemic in many countries of Africa and the Middle East. Schistosome eggs produce catechol-estrogens. These molecules are metabolized to active quinones that cause alterations in DNA (leading in other contexts to breast or thyroid cancer). Our group have shown that schistosome egg associated catechol estrogens induce tumor-like phenotypes in urothelial cells, originated from parasite estrogen-host cell chromosomal DNA adducts and mutations. Here we review recent findings on the role of estrogen-DNA adducts and how their shedding in urine may be prognostic of schistosome infection and/or represent potential biomarkers for urogenital schistosomiasis associated bladder cancer and infertility.

中文翻译：

---

雌激素儿茶酚检测作为血吸虫病诱发的癌症和不孕症的生物标志物

泌尿生殖系统血吸虫病是由人类血吸虫血吸虫引起的慢性感染。血吸虫病是导致膀胱鳞状细胞癌 (SCC) 的癌症的已知危险因素。这是一种被忽视的热带疾病，在非洲和中东的许多国家流行。血吸虫卵产生儿茶酚-雌激素。这些分子被代谢成活性醌，导致 DNA 改变（在其他情况下导致乳腺癌或甲状腺癌）。我们的小组已经表明，血吸虫卵相关儿茶酚雌激素在尿路上皮细胞中诱导肿瘤样表型，起源于寄生虫雌激素-宿主细胞染色体 DNA 加合物和突变。