Today, tracheal lesions occupying<30%of the trachea in children and<50%in adults can be treated with primary resection, followed by end-to-end anastomosis. However, lesions larger than this require a tracheal replacement, of which there are currently few options available. The recent advancement of tissue-engineering principles in tracheal research is quickly opening up new vistas for airway reconstruction and creating a very promising future for medical science. This review discusses the main criteria required for the development of a tissue-engineered tracheal replacement. The criteria include: (a) appropriate cell types and sources; (b) biomolecules to direct the differentiation of the cells to the desired lineage; (c) a suitable scaffold for a cellular matrix; and (d) a bioreactor to facilitate cell attachment and proliferation and construct transport to theatre. Our group has designed and developed the world’s first synthetic tracheal replacement, using a novel nanocomposite material, also developed in our laboratory. It was implanted clinically in June 2011 with a successful outcome. The application of tissue-engineering approaches to tracheal replacement development is the first step towards the much-anticipated ‘off-the-shelf’ tissue-engineered technology, contributing extensively to the advancement in treatment and rehabilitation of patients afflicted with tracheal pathology.

中文翻译：

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气管移植：从实验室到患者。

如今，可以通过一次切除术，然后进行端到端吻合术来治疗儿童中<30％的儿童和<50％的成年人中的气管病变。然而，大于此的病变需要气管置换，目前尚无选择。气管研究中组织工程学原理的最新进展迅速为气道重建开辟了新的前景，并为医学界创造了非常光明的未来。这篇综述讨论了开发组织工程性气管置换术所需的主要标准。标准包括：（a）适当的细胞类型和来源；（b）指导细胞分化为所需谱系的生物分子；（c）用于细胞基质的合适支架；（d）生物反应器，其促进细胞附着和增殖并构建向剧院的运输。我们的小组使用也在实验室中开发的新型纳米复合材料，设计和开发了世界上第一个人工合成的气管替代品。它于2011年6月在临床上成功植入。组织工程学方法在气管置换发展中的应用是朝着备受期待的“现成”组织工程技术迈出的第一步，为促进气管病理患者的治疗和康复做出了巨大贡献。它于2011年6月在临床上成功植入。组织工程方法在气管置换发展中的应用是朝着备受期待的“现成”组织工程技术迈出的第一步，广泛地促进了气管病理学患者的治疗和康复。它于2011年6月在临床上成功植入。组织工程学方法在气管置换发展中的应用是朝着备受期待的“现成”组织工程技术迈出的第一步，为促进气管病理患者的治疗和康复做出了巨大贡献。